MARKET MILK IN SOUTHEASTERN LOUISIANA. 
REQUIREMENTS FOR KEEPING A BULL. 
There is a noticeable difference between winter and summer in 
the feed and pasture requirements for a bull. The quantity of bed- 
ding is so small as to be negligible, and is due to the fact that only a 
few bulls received any bedding at all and then only for short periods 
in the winter. 
Many of the bulls retained in the herds increased in value during 
the year and some bulls sold for beef during the year brought more 
than their inventory value at the beginning of the year. These 
conditions were brought about mainly by the unusual conditions 
incident to the war period. 
Table 5. — Requirements for keeping a bull, by seasons, based on averages obtained from 
the equivalent of 24.3 bulls. 
Item. 
Winter. 
Summer. 
Entire 
year. 
Feed: 
Purchased concentrates 
Home-grown grain 
pounds.. 
do.... 
do.... 
667 
54 
459 
22 
1,126 
76 
Total concentrates 
Hauling grain 
721 
$0.58 
481 
$0.49 
1,202 
$1.07 
pounds.. 
do.... 
do.... 
do.... 
do.... 
do .... 
Noncommercial roughage 
Commercial carbohydrate hay 
Commercial legume hay 
206 
170 
230 
206 
136 
37 
306 
267 
Total dry roughage 
Succulent roughage 
606 
972 
4 
$1.18 
173 
154 
779 
1,126 
4 
$3.48 
$4.66 
hours.. 
Human labor 
17.4 
16.2 
33.6 
Other costs: 
$8.21 
3.94 
$7.53 
3.61 
.11 
$15.74 
7.55 
.11 
Total of other costs 
12.15 
10.89 
11.25 
10.00 
23.40 
20.89 
1.26 
1.25 
2.51 
FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE PRODUCTION OF MILK. 
FEEDS. 
Concentrates is a term applied to grain, cereals, or seeds, or to by- 
products containing a large quantity of nutritious substance in a 
relatively small bulk. 
Home-grown grains refer to concentrates grown on the farm or in 
the locality where fed. 
Dry roughage includes various hays and other bulky feeds which 
are subdivided into three classes: (1) Noncommercial dry roughage, 
coarse feeds, such as corn stover and oat hay, which ordinarily could 
not be sold in large quantities on the city markets, and hay or other 
dry roughage so foul with weeds or so damaged in curing as not to 
be readily salable; (2) commercial leguminous roughage, which 
