MARKET MILK IN SOUTHEASTERN LOUISIANA. 
11 
more in winter but the labor cost was slightly less in winter than in 
summer. 
The credit for calves and manure amounted to 7.2 per cent of the 
total annual gross cost. On the farms studied the credits for calves 
and manure failed by 15.2 per cent of the gross cost (18.2 + 4.2 — 
7.2) to equal the " other costs," including depreciation on the herds. 
Table 8. — Per cent of total annual gross costs represented by feed, labor, and other 
costs and credits for calves and manure, by seasons. 
Item. 
Winter. 
Summer. 
Entire 
year. 
Feed and bedding cost 
Per cent. 
27.9 
1.4 
Per cent. 
21.4 
2.7 
Per cent. 
49.3 
Pasture cost 
4.1 
29.3 
11.7 
9.2 
24.1 
12.5 
9.0 
53.4 
24.2 
18.2 
50.2 
2.1 
45.6 
2.1 
95.8 
Depreciation on herd 
4.2 
Total cost of production 
52.3 
47.7 
100.0 
Credits for calves and manure: 
Calves 
0.8 
2.9 
0.9 
2.6 
1.7 
Manure 
5.5 
3.7 
3.5 
7.2 
AVERAGE COSTS COMPARED WITH BULK-LINE COSTS. 
Table 9 shows the difference between the average and the bulk-line 
costs. Considerable latitude is allowable in selecting the bulk line, 
but it is usually selected to include from 80 to 90 per cent of the total 
volume of milk produced. Thus the bulk-line cost indicates the cost 
at or below which the greater volume of the milk is produced. Only 
the dairymen having extremely high costs will have costs above the 
bulk-line cost. This table shows the figures for each separate herd, 
and the relative position of the average cost and the average income 
in the scale of herd costs. 
During the first winter 84 per cent of the milk was produced at a 
cost of $5.67 or less per 100 pounds. The average cost of producing 
milk for this same period was $4.97 and the average income received 
from milk was $4.34 for each 100 pounds sold. 
During the first summer the bulk-line cost might be placed at either 
$3.37 or $3.44, since the table shows that 86 per cent of the total 
volume of milk was produced at or below $3.37 and 90.4 per cent 
at or below $3.44. The average income from milk sold during this 
season was $3.87 per 100 pounds. 
The bulk-line cost for the second winter might be placed at $6.59 
or $6.74, since these costs correspond to 81.4 per cent and 87.2 per 
cent, respectively, of the total volume. 
