WHITE PINE UNDER FOREST MANAGEMENT. 47 
WHITE PINE FOR WINDBREAKS AND RESERVOIR PROTECTION. 
White pine is an excellent tree for windbreaks and shelter belts, 
and is planted largely for this purpose in the plains States. Its 
treatment as a shelter-belt tree is discussed in Forest Service Bulle- 
tin 86, " Windbreaks/' by C. G. Bates. It is therefore unnecessary 
to consider it here. 
For reservoir and watershed protection white pine has already 
been extensively planted throughout New England. Like other 
conifers, it is better than hardwoods for the purpose because its 
leaves do not readily blow into the reservoirs. Its rapid and hardy 
growth make it generally preferable to most other conifers wherever 
conditions are favorable for its growth. 
Besides protection, the stand may be useful in producing timber. 
Where the double purpose is sought the pine should be grown in 
pure, even-aged stands. The rotation may, however, be much 
longer than that used when timber alone is desired. The shelter- 
wood method, followed by ample disengagement cuttings and the 
planting of stock on bare areas, can be used to advantage. 
PLANTESTG AND SOWING WHITE PINE. 1 
Throughout most of its range white pine is probably the most 
popular native tree for forest planting. In New England it has been 
set out chiefly for scenic effect and for reservoir protection, although 
there are a number of plantations for the commercial production of 
timber. Since one of the chief things to be considered in raising 
white pine is the cost of establishing the stand, it is necessary to 
compare the efficiency of different methods and to determine the 
cost involved in each. 
White pine stands may be established artificially either by plant- 
ing seedlings or by sowing seed directly on the area. Under most 
conditions planting offers the best chance for success, and is, in the 
long run, the cheaper method. Occasionally, however, favorable 
climatic and soil conditions insure the growth of excellent stands 
from artificially sown seed. Seeding is especially worthy of consid- 
eration where large areas have to be planted up in a limited time, but 
the method should never be used without first experimenting on 
small areas to determine its probable success. 
There are a number of methods of planting and sowing which have 
proved successful under different conditions of site and labor. Whether 
an area is to be planted or sowed, the first step is to procure the seed. 
1 For a full discussion of methods and costs of artificial forestation see Forest Service Bulletin 76, "How 
to Grow and Plant Conifers in the Northeastern States," and Bulletin 98, "Reforestation on the National 
Forests," 
