WHITE PINE UNDER FOREST MANAGEMENT. 53 
Transplant beds need thorough weeding during the summer, which 
can best be done when the ground is moist. The transplants should 
be watered well when set out, and again from time to time during 
the first week or so. After that, however, they need not be watered 
except during very dry weather. They need no covering during 
winter. 
Two-year seedlings, 1 year transplanted, are probably best for 
cut -over lands with a thin ground cover, or old fields covered with 
low growth or grass. Younger stock, however, may sometimes be 
used in such places, and where this is possible the expense involved 
in the larger nursery and longer cultural operations can be saved. 
For example, a portion of the seedlings are sometimes removed from 
the seed-bed the spring after the seeds are sown and are transplanted 
after one year, and then set out in the field. Those left may be 
planted along with the 1-1 transplants directly in the field or they 
may be transplanted one year before being set out. In -the latter 
case the final stock will consist of 1-2 and 2-1 transplants. For 
planting in situations where the ground cover is at all dense 2-year 
old seedlings, 2 or even 3 years transplanted, should be used. 
PLANTING. 
Seedlings for planting may be raised hi the nursery, as just 
described, purchased from dealers, 1 or dug up in the woods. The 
cost of producing 10,000 or 20,000 3-year-old transplants every 
year will probably be close to $4 per thousand, and when good stock 
of the same age can be secured at a price not too far above this, it is 
usually better, hi small operations, to purchase it. Wild seedlings 
may be used, but as a rule their root systems are straggling, and the 
plants lack the resistant qualities of transplants. 
Planting is best done in the spring, as soon as the frost is out of 
the ground and before the buds of the young trees have begun to 
grow. Since the time is thus limited to from four to six weeks, 
planting should take precedence over nursery work. 
If the planting site is near the nursery, the stock may be carried 
to it in the same way as from the seed to the transplant bed. Even 
greater care should be used, however, to prevent the roots from becom- 
ing the least bit dry. When the stock arrives at the planting site 
it should immediately be k 'heeled-in." If it is purchased stock 
and comes bundled, the bundles should be untied and loosened. 
Heeling-in consists in placing the plants in a thin layer along the 
sloping side of a ditch dug slightly deeper than the length of the 
1 A dangerous disease of white pine, the "blister rust," has recently been introduced into American 
nurseries from Europe. "When buying stock for planting, the seller should be required to guarantee it 
to be free from this disease. The blister rust is discussed in detail in Bureau of Plant Industry Bulletin 206, 
"The Blister Rust of White Pine," by Dr. Perley Spaulding. 
