WHITE PINE UNDER FOREST MANAGEMENT. 59 
The wheat should be warmed in a metal saucepan or similar 
receptacle and the saccharin and strychnia pulverized and sprinkled 
over it. The melted tallow should then be poured in, and the mix- 
ture stirred until every wheat kernel is coated. 
In depositing the poisoned grain it must be put out of the reach 
of birds. This can be done by placing it in cavities among small 
piles of stones or under roots or logs, or in burrows of animals. If 
this is not practicable the grain can be covered with pieces of bark, 
boards, or flat stones, with a low runway left beneath. Barley is 
usually attractive to rodents and is at the same time the grain 
least relished by birds. 
PROTECTION. 
FIRE.i 
Unlike loblolly pine of the South, or the red pine with which it is 
often associated, white pine has a thin bark during the first 30 or 50 
years of its life, which affords but slight protection from fire. Young 
growth, with its thin bark and delicate foliage, is usually killed at once 
by fires which would do little damage to thick-barked trees. When 
white pine has reached an age of from 40 to 60 years, however, and has 
formed a thick, corky bark, it is comparatively safe from direct injury 
by surface fires. Yet if the fire reaches the crown and scorches the 
branches the tree is certain to die. Young pines also are often killed 
in this way. Besides its direct damage, fire offers a way for insects 
and fungi to enter the trees. 
Measures usually included under fire protection aim (1) to prevent 
fires from starting, (2) to detect fires as soon as possible after they 
start, and (3) to extinguish them when once started in the shortest 
possible time. 
Briefly, fire prevention consists in (1) suitable legislation regarding 
fires, (2) destroying and rendering less dangerous inflammable mate- 
rial, and (3) constructing efficient fire lines to prevent the spread of 
flames. 
Most of the Eastern States already have excellent fire laws, which 
when supported by an educated public sentiment and properly 
inforced tend to reduce the fire risk to the minimum. These laws 
usually provide against lighting fires during danger seasons, and im- 
pose penalties for damage from fire which may be allowed to escape 
at any time. The laws usually contain special provision for the use 
of spark arresters on locomotives and of oil instead of coal for fuel in 
regions where the risk is great. 
1 For a full discussion of forest fires and their prevention, see Forest Service Bulletin 82, "Protection of 
Forests from Fire," by Henry S. Graves; also Forest Service Bulletins 111, "Lightning in Relation to 
Forest Fires," and 117, "Forest Fires; Their Causes, Extent, and Effects, with a Summary of Recorded 
Destruction and Loss," by Fred G. Plummer. 
