WHITE PINE UNDER FOREST MANAGEMENT. 63 
According to Dr. Hopkins, the adult overwintered beetles are 
active during the month of May, and the eggs are deposited in the 
bark of the terminal of the preceding year's growth. Small whitish 
grubs hatch from these eggs, feed on the inner bark, and thus cause 
the death of the terminal. When the grubs are full grown they 
transform to pupae early in July in chip cocoons in the outer wood 
or pith of the terminal, and the adults will begin to emerge from 
the terminals during the last week in July, and practically all will 
be out by the 15th of September. 
The terminals which are infested with the medium to maturing 
stages of the weevil are easily recognized during the latter part of 
June and first part of July by the wilting of the new terminal and 
branches on the last year's terminals, and this is the time the termi- 
nals should be removed in order to destroy the brood. 
Weevil damage is most common, and always most serious, in 
trees less than 30 feet high. Protective measures must be under- 
taken, therefore, when the stand is young. Whenever an infestation 
appears all tjie pine tops which show it should be cut off during 
June and July, before the beetles have escaped. These can be 
burned, but since they often contain minute insect parasites which 
are themselves valuable agents hi resisting the increase of the weevils, 
it is best to treat them according to the method suggested by Dr. 
A. D. Hopkins, of the Bureau of Entomology. This consists hi 
placing the infested tops in a tight box, barrel, or preferably a metal 
can with but one opening covered with ordinary fly-screen netting. 
This permits the escape of the small parasites, but confines the 
weevils. The receptacle, if of wood, should be examined from time 
to time to see that no weather checks or cracks develop which would 
allow the weevils to escape. It will take more than one season to 
exterminate weevils should they appear, and young stands should, 
wherever possible, be examined every year during the months of 
June and July. 
Occasionally two side branches instead of one will replace the 
destroyed leader, resulting in a forked tree. To prevent this, all 
but one side branch of the upper whorl — the thriftiest where there 
is a difference — should be cut off even with the main stem. Where 
trees have already started to fork one of the forks should be removed 
in the same manner. 
