30 
BULLETIN 13, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
areas which are nonagricultural because of broken topography and 
high altitude, or a poor, stony, or sandy soil. A distance from 
market of 10 or 15 miles, with good level or down-grade roads, is not 
prohibitive, provided the soil is good enough to produce quality I 
yields. The ideal situation is one close to a good market where the 
soil is deep, fertile, and well-drained, but too steep and broken to 
have a high value. Land suitable for raising white pine can ordi- 
narily be obtained in New England for from $3 to $7 per acre. In 
computing the costs of raising white pine given in this bulletin a land 
value of $5 per acre is assumed as average. The interest on the 
initial value of $5 per acre, computed for different periods, is shown 
in Table 12. 
Initial Cost of Formation 
Often, as on abandoned pastures adjoining farm woodlots, the 
young stand becomes established without entailing any cost. More 
often, however, rapid growing hardwood sprouts or seedlings handi- 
cap the pine, and their removal involves some expense. Sometimes, 
too, it is necessary to sow or plant the whole or part of the area. 
The costs of these operations are discussed elsewhere in this bulletin. 
In considering their influence upon the whole investment it is suffi- 
cient to deal simply with the total expense of formation without 
regard to the way in which it was incurred. Table 12 shows by 
decades the amounts to which formation costs of $3, $6, $9, $12, and 
$15 accumulate when at 4 and 6 per cent interest. In Tables 14 to 
17 results where no cost of formation is incurred are also given. 
Table 12. — Costs of raising white- pine stands {not including taxes) at compound interest, 
by decades. 
Interest 
rate. 
Age. 
Cost of formation, carried to end of rotation. 
Interest 
on land 
value of 
S5per 
acre. 
Protec- 
tion and 
adminis- 
tration at 
S3. 
S6. 
S9. 
S12. 
$15. 
5 cents 
per acre. 
Years. 
f 20 
S6.57 
$13. 14 
S19. 72 
S26. 29 
S32.87 
S5.96 
$1. 49 
30 
9.73 
19.46 
29.19 
38.92 
48.65 
11.22 
2.81 
4 per cent. 
40 
14.40 
28.81 
43.21 
57.61 
72.02 
19.00 
4.75 
50 
21.32 
42.64 
63.96 
85.28 
106. 60 
30.53 
7.64 
60 
31.56 
63.12 
94.68 
126. 24 
157. 79 
47.60 
11.90 
70 
46.79 
93.43 
140. 14 
186. 86 
233. 57 
72.86 
18.21 
20 
9.62 
19.24 
28.86 
38.48 
48.11 
11.04 
1.84 
30 
17.23 
34.46 
51.69 
68.92 
86.15 
23.72 
3.95 
6 per cent. 
40 
30.86 
61.72 
92.57 
123. 43 
154.29 
46.43 
7.74 
50 
. 55. 26 
110. 52 
165. 78 
221. 04 
276. 30 
87.10 
14.52 
60 
98.97 
197.93 
296. 90 
395. 86 
494. 82 
159.94 
26.66 
1 
70 
177.23 
354. 46 
531.70 
708. 92 
886. 16 
290. 39 
48.40 
