4 BULLETIX 13, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
350,000,000,000 board feet. Of this it is stated Michigan had about 
150,000,000,000 feet, Wisconsin about 130,000,000,000, and Minne- 
sota about 70,000,000,000. Since lumbering began not less than 
250,000,000,000 feet have been cut and perhaps 100,000,000,000 feet 
burned. In 1880 the census estimate of the stand was less than 
88,000,000,000 board feet, but according to the annual reports of 
the American Lumberman the cut since then has exceeded 
170,000,000,000. In 1900 the census estimated the stand at 
50,000,000,000, and in 1903 R. A. Long placed it at 60,000,000,000 
feet. According to data compiled by R. S. Kellogg, of the Forest 
Service, the lumber production of all species in the Lake States be- 
tween 1880 and 1910 was: 
Michigan: 103,525,000,000 board feet; about 75 per cent white pine. 
Wisconsin: 80,385,000,000 board feet; about 80 per cent white pine. 
Minnesota: 44.890,000,000 board feet; about 95 per cent white pine. 
Of the total production of lumber in the United States during these 
30 years white pine furnished 14 per cent, or 58,000,000,000 board 
feet. 
The amount of privately owned pine (white and Norway) now 
standing in the Laka States is estimated by the Bureau of Corpora- 
tions x as : 
Board feet. 
Michigan 2,000,000,000 
Wisconsin 3,200,000,000 
Minnesota 12,500,000,000 
There is some reason to believe that the total quantity in Wiscon- 
sin is understated. The proportion of white pine comprised in the 
stand, for the States named, is tentatively placed at 79, 83, and 64 
per cent. White and Norway pine together formed, respectively, 
4.2, 11, and 53.9 per cent of the total stand of timber in the States 
listed, or a total of about 18 per cent of the Lake States forest. On 
the basis of these figures the present annual cut of pine is compara- 
tively large. The cut for the year 1909, according to the Bureau of 
Corporations, took 12.3 per cent of the standing pine in the Lake 
States: 12.9 per cent of that in Michigan, 19.1 per cent in Wisconsin, 
and 10.5 per cent in Minnesota. For Wisconsin the percentage may 
be somewhat too high, since it is based on a very conservative stand 
estimate. 
WHITE PINE AND THE LUMBER INDUSTRY. 
The history of white-pine lumbering begins with the first settle- 
ment of the country. In 1623 mills were set up in New York, and 
by 1635 white pine was being exported from New England. At that 
early date little was known as to the available supply, even in the 
country close to the shipping points, and in 1650 fears were ex- 
1 Report on the Lumber Industry, Part I, Standing Timber, Jan. 20, 1913. 
