BULLETIN OF THE 
ranmoFAic 
No. 13 
Contribution from the Forest Service, Henry S. Graves, Forester. 
February 24, 1914. 
WHITE PINE UNDER FOREST MANAGEMENT. 
By E. H. Frothingham, Forest Examiner. 
SUITABILITY OF WHITE PINE FOR MANAGEMENT. 
Of all the trees of eastern North America white pine best combines 
the qualities of utility, rapid growth, heavy yield, and ease of man- 
agement. Its former abundance and the cheapness and varied 
usefulness of its lumber made it an important factor in the develop- 
ment of the .States in which it grew and even of regions far outside 
of its natural range. After an enormous and for a long time unap- 
proached exploitation the original forests are now approaching 
exhaustion, and the large-size high-grade white pine lumber, once 
abundant on the market, has become scarce and expensive. With 
its decline, lower grades have come into existence and have found a 
ready market where large size and high quality are not essential. 
The demand for low-grade white-pine lumber has made it possible, 
from a business standpoint, to cut and market second-growth white 
pine when comparatively small and young. For many years the 
pine output of the Northeastern States has consisted almost wholly 
of second growth, most of it cut in limited tracts or woodlots by 
small portable mills. Thousands of such stands exist on abandoned 
farms or pastures in New England. In other regions white pine has 
sprung up in abundance after lumbering and needs only time and 
protection from fire to develop into thrifty, valuable stands. Had 
fires not been allowed to run repeatedly over the slash left in logging 
the original stands, a large part of northern Michigan and other 
noted white-pine regions would probably now be covered with pine 
second growth, much of it already of merchantable value. 
Because of the success with which white pine lends itself to man- 
agement, the relatively steady market, and the small amount of 
waste in lumbering, there is no doubt that under widely varying 
conditions of quality and accessibility, and with the prevailing tax 
rates, market value, and wages, the raising of white pine to ages of 
from 35 to 70 years is a profitable undertaking at 4, 5, 6, and 
sometimes 10 per cent compound interest. 
6738°— Bull. 13—14 1 
