THE BLACKHEAD FIREWORM OF CRANBERRY. 3 
found generally in swales between shore-sand ridges of slight ele- 
vation. 
FEATURES OF BOG MANAGEMENT. 
Although considerable water sometimes collects on the Pacific 
coast bogs, especially during winter, as a result of the heavy rains 
from September or October to April, flooding as a distinct part of 
cranberry bog management is rarely practiced in that section of 
the country. Few bogs on the Pacific coast have a good supply of 
water suitable for flooding purposes, and the mild winter climate in 
the principal cranberry-growing region seems to obviate the necessity 
of protecting the vines from winter injury. Principally is this true 
in southwestern Washington. As a consequence many terminal 
buds, especially on the warmer bogs, start to unfold shortly after 
the vines reach maturity in September and October and a certain 
amount of growth usually takes place during the warmer periods 
of the winter. It rarely happens, however, that any material damage 
is done by frost. 
Covering the bog with water, usually from about November 15 to 
March 1, is practiced only to a limited extent in Oregon, but where 
this procedure is followed good results are usually secured. In the 
southern sections of the State it is almost necessary to cover the 
bogs with water during this period in order to keep the terminal 
buds from pushing forth during the warmer periods of the winter 
and meeting probable damage from frost during the late winter and 
spring. 
The application of sand once every few years, as practiced on 
many eastern cranberry bogs, is not practiced on the coast, but prob- 
ably could be employed with benefit. Inasmuch as the majority of 
the bogs are located between sand ridges, an abundant supply of good 
sand is readily available should its use become desirable, 
PHENOLOGY OF THE CRANBERRY ON THE PACIFIC COAST. 
The growth of the cranberry vine on the Pacific coast bogs is 
exceedingly variable, as will be borne out by the data presented in 
Table 1. This is probably because these bogs are for the most part 
managed as dry bogs, The relatively variable weather in that sec- 
tion of the country is also doubtless reflected in the early growth, 
blooming, and fruiting of the cranberry. It is for these reasons 
chiefly that no exact dates can be given for the various stages in the 
phenology of the cranberry in that region. 
