* 
FARM MANAGEMENT IN SUMTER COUNTY, GA. 39 
many other areas, because the type of farming followed (cotton) is 
more intensive than many other types. For comparison, a group of 
white-owner farms in Sumter County, averaging about 73 acres of 
crops, required 388 months of man labor per farm; a group of dairy 
farms in Dane County, Wis., averaging 81 acres of crops, required 
22 months, and a group of grain and live-stock farms in Clinton 
County, Ind., averaging 93 acres of crops, required only 19 months 
of labor. 7 
Only 10 per cent of the white-owner farms in 1913 and 13 per 
cent in 1918 were operated as family farms, while 72 per cent of 
the colored-tenant farms in 1913 and 66 per cent of those in 1918 
were operated as such. (See Table 18.) 
TABLE 18.—Summary of the farm business on farms operated by the farmer and 
his family, Sumter County, Ga. 
White owners. | White tenants. | Colored owners.|Colored tenants. 
Number offamily farms.............. 26 36 18 16 8 22 134 110 
Per cent of totalfarms...............- 10 13) 37 29 26 46 72 66 
Average number infamily........... 5 5 5 6 7 7 6 7 
Number infamily under 16 years.... 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 
MVC ROPSsarstecte te ereyseve reverses acres. . 34 37 37 49 63 61 47 53 
MMCOLLOM nas ct beeen ee eee do.... 15 11 22 17 ay) 28 30 27 
(COLNE Sasa cice Gecie nities eo = does 14 17 12 24 18 25 13 20 
mother Cropsire cose ae dole: 5 9 3 8 6 8 4 6 
Cotton per acre.......- pounds. -lint. - 258 176 187 164 182 149 198 178 
Corniperacres 2. =. 4 eee bushels. . 11 11 9 10 | 8 9 8 10 
Months offamily labor............... 8 7 6 5 | 15 17 13 14 
Number of work stock..............- 1.6 i157 1.8 1.6 | 2.2 2.5 1.6 1.9 
Capitalpentarm= see 8 $3,055 | $4,117} $416] $978 | $3,268 | $4,759 | $518 $755 
Realestate cr ten eo ist to DUASAT me SD Alerter sent | ener 27104-|= 31634 ae eer eee 
Worlansicapitaletess =... 2! qse2-- 571 876 416 978 564 996 518 755 
Receipts pertanm o> /22. tease. 663 | 1,055 506 897 | 1,091] 1,596 678 {| 1,204 
Expenses perfarm..............-..-- 404 507 335 489 566 795 44] 660 
IAT LM COMICS: ee eap eee Ae imeem 259 548 171 408 525 801 237 544 
Weaiborincome: 2. S22 Se. =.= s6ns 6. 45 260 142 340 296 468 212 491 
Unpaidtamily labor: 2. -.2-- 21 425.5. 117 145 86 109 203 340 160 280 
Hamiuly, in Come se - 3. Sese 2. - Stee. 376 693 257 ASE Shion GPK) 1,141 397 824 
Interest on indebtedness...-....--..- 5 3 SHIRT see oe 45 10 8 1 
Hamilyalhivinge.tromybarim: = 24535 05-— Iss. 2 ME NS oeaoc GPE leeheeeae CNIS As als Rissa. 392 
Number of farms mortgaged........-- 4 2 6-l esses 5 3 50 3 
Cost of cotton per pound...--... lint..| $0. 154 | $0. 323 | $0. 133 | $0. 305 | $0. 106 | $0. 252 | $0.116 | $0. 232 
Cost of cotton per acre......-.....-.-- 43. 35 | 65.96 | 21.01 | 35.80] 21.77} 44.72] 19.57 33. 73 
Comparing figures on organization and operation of these family 
farms with the other farms, the family farms do not make as good a 
showing. They have lower yields, lower returns, and provide less 
for the family living from the farm than the farms of other classes. 
FARM MORTGAGES. 
In 1913 37 per cent of the farms operated by white owners were 
mortgaged, while in 1918 the percentage had been reduced to 23, in 
spite of the fact that a few changes in ownership brought into the 1918 
group men whose mortgages tended to offset the general reduction in 
indebtedness. (See Table 19.) At the same time the interest rate 
