28 BULLETIN 1034, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
TABLE 9.—Averdge distribution of farm expenses, etc.—Continued. 
Owner farms. Tenant farms. 
Farm. Tenant. Landlord. 
1913 1918 
1913 1918 1913 1918 1913 1918 
COLORED FARMERS. 
Number offarms:-.c-522-.seccesmene 31 48 186 166 186 166 186 166 
Average farm expense.............--. $1, 259 | $1,995 $630 | $1,070 $599 $999 $34 | $86 
Per cent of farm expense represented | | 
\ Sa } 
Wage hands....5. 15:28:54 = 6.2}- 6.0 3.8 3.2 se! oe, § Bee [oc csees 
Cotton chopping and picking..... 6.3 5.9 4.5 4.8 4.7 5. pea ates [ets ae Pe 
Share-cropper labor.-............ 17.54 23.5 be 13.5 8.0 14: ee ae Fol oe 
Miscellaneous paid labor: .-...... 4 1.1 | ao. 20 -2 DOTS. £3 precede. 
Unpaid family labor. ........-... 15-7) O77 26. 7 28.6 28. 1 SOS Geos eee 
PotallapOr 2 ooo ae eee eee 46.1 54. 2 42.8 50. 6 45.1 OY Bei. ae 
Repairs and depreciation of— | 
Machinery oss. 2225-5 oon 3. 9 3.0 2.8 3.8 2.9 4.0:).. 2223 
Phywellin gsc") | 244 pees. 1.6 1.8 Toy OS We Wel Cece 2 | 21,9 Boas 
Other. buildings. 5-22-52 4.4 3.5 1.0 2s Osan ose oe eee 19.4 | 31.7 
Repairs, fences, drains and ter- 
PACES! = 552s as Son eee oe a) 3 | 7 al ol Beene ;  ooee 1.3 
Feed, hay, etc., purchased. . -8 .4 1.6 3 1.7 TS-lesses eee 
Feed, grain, etc., purchased .. Sanene 3.0 1.2, 4.3 1.0 4.5 1 S| eee eee hae 
Horseshoeing eS, ee =2 2 | 2 4 -2 Fa Se Pg pl ne 
Breeding fees and veterinary..... =f 4 | wl -2 aL Atal Pepe 1 
Seeds and plants. .~5- sec. eee .9 12S 1.0 15 1.0 tf 6c 1.9 
Fertilizer— : 
Wargeland —-~--' 2. foie enee 15.1 13.6 24, 4 19.4 2000 | 208) eeeese 6.3 
Croppepland= =). S82" 3. -*2s 8.2 8.5 3. 2 3.3 3.3 3s D Weeeeoees eee a 
Totalfertilizer,. -=24.292522- 23.3 22, 4 27.6 22.7 29 Ol" 24535 ae 6.3 
Ginning and other machine work | 
ine. 95 eee ce ee eo ee | 7.0 5.0 6.8 7.0 7.2 | yA ee eee 9 
Waxesiand msurasicess. 4-5-5 3.4 3.4 3.4 2.9 .8 .9 49.4 27.1 
Enterest on: loativss 552s) ss | 2.3 1.2 2.5 1.3 2.6 L. 2 [sd cce 55 Roeser 
IMplenire gis << eae ee oe Sees | Niee: B eo 6 -d a7) —O boca daa i eee 
Cash rent 28 oc ee creegeg Seceedeal est etee-|accesece- es) LBS Pe eee) == 2 - 
Othenexpenses. _. sos eek e- 2.9 2.0 3.4 2.8 3.5 2.0 | 3 1.3 
Per cent of receipts required for farm | 
OX PCHSC 2 Sos cces oslo ca stew ees oseeceel 61 53 53 41 65 54 | 13 il 
Figure 6 emphasizes the wisdom of the changed organization in 
1918 over that in operation in 1913. The chance of heavy loss is great- 
est in the straight cotton type of farming, since the production of this 
crop involves a heavy cost, which makes heavy loss certain when 
yields or prices, or both, are low. <A loss of this kind is a very serious 
matter, as the farmer is forced to carry all his operating expenses for 
another year before income becomes available. Change in farm 
organization to make a reasonable income more certain each year is 
gaining favor throughout the area. 
CAPITAL. 
The capital used in operating a farm business is made up of real 
estate, which includes the land, buildings, and other improvements, 
and working capital, which includes the live stock, machinery, feed, 
and cash to run the farm. When the farm is operated by the owner 
he has the entire capital, and when operated by a tenant the tenant 
