8 
BUKLETIX 1000, U. S. DEPABTMEXT OF AGRICTLTITEE. 
any great extent in Virginia and Maryland, but was used in Pennsyl- 
vania and Delaware. Spring-tooth harrowing was quite common. 
The ground was rolled or dragged once hi Virginia and Maryland and 
twice in Pennsylvania and Delaware. Very little harrowing was 
done after planting. From three to five cultivations were given in 
the eastern districts. 
The average fertilizer application for the five eastern districts was 
193 pounds per acre where used. Excepting in the Indiana district, no 
commercial fertilizer was applied by the farmers in western districts. 
Table 2. — Coin: Percentage distribution of costs. 
Item. 
Corn-belt areas. 
Eastern areas. 
Distri- 
bution of 
operating 
expense. 
Distri- 
bution of 
total 
costs. 
Distri- 
bution of 
operating 
expense. 
Distri- 
bution of 
total 
costs. 
Per cent. 
31.1 
44.8 
Per cent. 
20.5 
29.5 
Per cent. 
40.7 
25.9 
Per cent. 
33.0 
21.0 
Materials: 
2.3 
1.5 
1.0 
1.4 
17.2 
1.5 
.3 
Twine 
1.2 
Manure 
Fertilizer 
7.2 
4. S 
14.0 
1.2 
Total materials 
9.5 
6.3' 
21.1 
17.2 
Other costs: 
Overhead 
6*. 9 
5.0- 
4.5 
7.9 
- 4.4 
6.4 
3.6 
Total other costs. . 
14.6 
9.5 
12.3 
10.0 
34.2 
IS. 8 

Value of land per acre. . . 
S1S4 
S163 
a Includes taxes and insurance- 
CORN SILAGE. 
In Table 3 (corn silage) the labor is divided into two groups, the 
first of which includes all the labor from manure hauling up to the 
last cultivation, the second the operations from the time cut- 
ting begins to packing the corn into the silo. For the regions studied 
the operations performed in growing and harvesting silage are very 
much the same. The variations in labor requirements are therefore 
due chiefly to differences in methods of doing the same kind of work. 
The use of large power units for seed-bed preparation and cultivation 
is an important factor in reducing the man-labor cost. For example, 
on the Iowa farms, which report the lowest man-labor requirement 
per acre, prior to harvest, the man and horse hour ratio is 1 to 2J f 
while in Ohio, which reports the highest labor requirement prior to 
harvest, it is 1 to 1.6. Other factors that may contribute to making 
these variations in man-labor requirements are difference in quantity 
