KEQUIREMENTS OF FIELD CROPS. 29 
Table 18.— Kafir and milo: Percentage distribution of costs per acre. 
' 
Kansas. 
Texas. 
Item 
Distribu- 
tion of 
operating 
expense. 
Distribu- 
tion of 
total 
costs. 
Distribu- 
tion of 
operating 
expense. 
Distribu- 
tion of 
total 
costs. 
Per cent. 
21.2 
22.7 
Per cent. 
18.7 
20.0 
Per cent. 
27.0 
37.8 
Per cent. 
20.8 
29.2 
Materials: 
Seed 
.6 
30.8 
2.4 
.5 
27.2 
2.1 
1.2 
.9 
.8 
.6 
33.8 
29.8 
2.0 
1.5 
Other costs: 
3.4 
10.0 
8.9 
3.0 
8.8 
7.9 
24.1 
9.1 
18.6 
7.0 
22.3 
19.7 
33.2 
25.6 
11.8 
22.9 
a Includes insurance and taxes. 
WHEAT— SPRING AND WINTER. 
The study from which our wheat records were obtained covered 
42,847 acres of spring wheat, with a total production of 362,047 
bushels, and 42,174 acres of winter wheat, with a total production 
of 635,124 bushels. The acreage was distributed by States as fol- 
lows: North Dakota, 17,271; South Dakota, 9,500; Minnesota, 
17,447; Kansas, 24,436; Nebraska, 10,986; and Missouri, 8,518. In 
all there were 481 records. (See Table 18.) 1 
The figures on man labor and horse labor are averages for the 
farms operated by horse labor exclusively, farms on which tractors 
or motor trucks were used not being included. 
In the spring-wheat area 86 per cent of the total wheat acreage 
was plowed, and of this 20 per cent was handled with tractor power. 
The remainder of the wheat acreage was corn stubble and potato 
land, which was usually disk harrowed and planted directly to wheat 
without plowing. There was a wide variation in the winter wheat 
districts with respect to plowing. Twenty-one and 23 per cent, 
respectively, of the wheat land in Pawnee and Ford Counties, Kans., 
was plowed, while in some other districts as much as 60 to 98 per 
cent was plowed. In several of the western areas the lister was used 
as a substitute for the plow. 
Contract thrashing was the rule in a few districts, and, since the 
farmer furnished no labor in these areas, the amount of harvest labor 
was influenced thereby. This was true particularly in Grand Forks 
i See U. S. Dept. of Agr. Bulletin 843, " The Cost of Producing Wheat." 
