48 
BULLETIN 1000, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
two periods. The harvest labor is influenced largely by crop yields. 
It will be seen (Table 37) that the maintenance labor varied from 77 
man hours per acre in western New York to 230 man hours per acre 
in Wena tehee Valley, Washington. Approximately the same range 
will be noted for the harvest labor. For most of these districts the 
harvest labor exceeded the maintenance labor quite appreciably. 
Northwestern apple growers do not make a practice of using com- 
mercial fertilizers on their orchards, but in western New York about 
50 per cent of the growers apply some commercial fertilizer. The 
average application of fertilizer was approximately 500 pounds per 
acre. The amount of farm manure applied annually to apple orchards 
as a whole was comparatively low. 
For practically all of these districts the costs which are included 
under basic requirements constitute approximately 90 per cent of the 
total cost of producing apples, exclusive of land rent. 
It will be seen that the gallons of solution used for the dormant 
spray are given in Table 37. Owing to variations in the solutions 
which were applied in subsequent sprays it did not appear to be 
feasible to separate the gallons of solution for each application, but 
the average number of sprays is given for each district, together with 
the average number of gallons of solution used with the later sprays. 
This method of reporting is not a satisfactory one, but the figures 
indicate in some measure the practices with respect to the use of 
spray materials. 1 
Table 37. — Apples: Labor 
2nd mate -ial requirements 
per 
acre 
(642 
records). 
Man labor. Horse labcr. 
graying. 
p 
k bi 
ft 
"3 
>> 
— 
- 
Other 
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Region. 
1 
t 
1 
t 
sprays. 
.- C 
g >. 
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o 
3 
o 
A 
A 
+3 
° > 
— C 
= - 
u 
© 
3 
© 
c 
_3 
CO 
. © 
> 
3 
r: 
p 
c 
•a 
© 
> 
— 
c3 
3 
o 
- 
3 
03 
9 
B3 ■ 
= | 
© 
g 
ffl 
"ffl 
© 
so . 
J3 © 
3 © 
> 03 
2 
> 
H 
C 
- 
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^ 
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z 
£ 
< 
. . . 
S3 
H 
. 
°5 
s 
■< 
.J. 
«j 
£ 
c 
* 
g 
a 
a 
03 
IS 
Wen atchee Valle v , Wash . 
87 
1911 
2301 364 594 96 
62 
158 
2.2 
467 
2.4 
1,185 
89 
593 
$1, 925 
"i akLma \ alley, T\ ash . . 
120 
1915 
214 300 514 91 
59 
150 
4.7 
430 
4.0 
1,619 
89 
432 
1,080 
Hood River, Oreg 
54 
1915 
142 164| 306 S2 
33 
115 
1.5 
222 
4. 8 
1,040 
82 
222 
991 
Pavette Valley, Idaho. . . 
38 
1915 
177 235 412 72 
41 
113 
4.0 
3*9 
3.1 
1,155 
93 
337 
613 
Western Colorado 
125 
1914-15 
161 : 191 
352! 76 
47 
123 
3.5 
353 
4,0 
2, 020 
89 
284 
Bbls. 
653 
Western New York 
21S 
1915 
77 93 
170 63 
27 
90 
4.8 
177 
264 
2.3 
620 
91 
c84 
514 
a Per cent that man and horse labor, manure, fertilizer, spray materials and containers are of operating 
expense, exclusive of land rent. 
*> The average yield represents the yield over a five or six year period. 
c To reduce to boxes, multiply by 3. 
1 See: 
U. S. Dept. of Agr. Bui. 446. Cost of Producing Apples, Wenatchee Valley, Washington. 
V. S. Dept. of Agr. Bui. 500. Cost of Producing Apples in Western Colorado. 
U. S. Dept. of Agr. Bui. 518. Cost of Producing Apples in Hood River Valley, Oregon. 
U. S. Dept. of Agr. Bui. 614. Cost of producing Apples in Yakima Valley, Washington. 
"C. S. Dept. of Agr. Bui. 636. Cost of Producing Apples in Payette Valley, Idaho. 
U. S. Dept. of Agr. Bui. 851. Cost of Producing Apples in Western New York. 
