8 BULLETIN 1021, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
SPANISH GROUP. 
Vines medium in length, 4 to 10 feet or 6 to 15 feet long (vines of Red Brazil 
and Creola sometimes .grow to be 20 feet long), or short and bushy, 2 to 3 
feet, coarse, dark purple in color or green with purple tinge, hairy (especially 
at the nodes) or smooth; leaves deeply shouldered to entire, green except for a 
deep purple stain at the base of the blade and the summit of the petiole. The 
color may extend up the veins, hairy on the upper surface or only on veins, 
or smooth, the under surface smooth or slightly hairy ; petiole green tinged 
with purple toward the summit, or deep purple. Roots red, yellow, russet 
yellow, or yellow tinged with rose, usually very irregular, being strongly 
ribbed and veined or smooth ; fusiform, ovoid, or long cylindrical in shape ; 
medium to very large in size, ripening either early or late. Flesh white, 
yellow, dull yellow, cream, salmon yellow, or dark yellow. When baked, 
sightly sweet to very sweet, moist to dry and mealy, firm or soft in texture. 
Flavor caramellike, but not pronounced. 
The varieties in the Spanish group may be separated into three sections, "as 
follows : 
(1) Yellow Spanish: Roots light yellow to russet yellow. 
(2) Bermuda: Roots light yellow, yellow tinged more or less with rose 
or deep rose. 
(3) Red Spanish: Roots dark red to purple. 
In the Yellow Spanish section the roots are light yellow in color, usually very 
irregular, strongly ribbed and veined, but sometimes fairly smooth and regular ; 
flesh white or yellow. The earliest varieties are contained in this section, being 
listed as follows : 
(1) Pierson. (This same variety or variations of it is known under the 
names of Arkansas Beauty, California Golden, Early General Grant, 
Golden Skin, and Dutton's Early. ) 
(2) Yellow Strasburg. (Also called Extra Early Golden and Adams.) 
(PI. IV, fig. 4, and PI. V, fig. 1.) 
(3) Yellow Spanish. (Also called Bronze Spanish.) 
(4) Triumph. 
The roots of the Bermuda section are light yellow, more or less overlain with 
transverse dashes and bands of rose, sometimes washed with rose, or deep rose 
to purple, usually very irregular, strongly ribbed and veined ; but some varieties 
are quite smooth and regular. The varieties are medium early, being listed as 
follows : 
(1) Red Bermuda. (Also known as Cuba " yam," Poreland, Yellow Red.) 
(2) Red Brazil or Red Brazilian. 
(3) Porto Rico. (Also called Golden Beauty and Key West "yam.") 
(4) Key West "yam." 
(5) Creola. 
Roots of the Red Spanish section are more regular and are not constricted; 
the flesh is white, tinged with purple beneath the skin and at the center. The 
section contains the following varieties : 
(1) Red Spanish. (Also called Black Spanish.) 
(2) Purple "yam," or Nigger Choker. 
(3) Dahomey. 
SHANGHAI GROUP. 
Vines medium to long, 5 to 10 feet, or long, 8 to 16 feet; stems coarse and 
thick, green in color and hairy, especially at the nodes ; leaves large, entire, or 
soiuetinies shouldered, hairy at first, but later smooth except for scattered hairs 
