WATER SUPPLY, PLUMBING, ETC., EOR COUNTRY HOMES. 
9 
types and methods of sinking. The well should penetrate to levels 
below that of the ground-water surface hi the driest seasons. 
Figure 7 illustrates four different common types of deep and shallow 
wells. No. 1 shows a dug well, with pump, which may be lined with 
either concrete or cemented brick. No. 2 shows a driven well, 
which is constructed by attaching a point on the end of the pipe 
and driving the pipe into the ground until water is reached. The 
point is provided with a short length of pipe with perforations which 
permit the water to enter the pipe and keeps out the sand and gravel. 
This arrangement is best suited to shallow wells, as the cylinder is 
near the surface in a dry well. If the depth to water is greater than 
the suction limit, it is necessary to dig a dry well deep enough to place 
2 3 
Fig. 7.— Types of deep and shallow wells. 
the cylinder within the suction limit. Nos. 3 and 4 are drilled wells 
Consisting of a small hole which may be from 3 inches to 15 inches in 
diameter. This hole is lined with an impervious iron casing which 
prevents caving in and keeps out all water, except that which enters 
at the bottom. This type of well can pass through as many water- 
bearing beds as desired and none but that from the lowest will enter. 
The casing is large enough to allow the cylinder to be placed below 
the water surface, or as near the water as is necessary. No. 4 shows 
a drilled well with a dry well installed above it to accommodate the 
lower half of a pump made for underground discharge. 
M. L. Fuller 1 states in regard to types of shallow wells and con- 
ditions to which they are adapted: 
Dug wells are generally circular excavations 3 to 6 ieet in diameter. They are 
adapted to localities where the water is near the surface, especially where it occurs 
1 M. L. Fuller. Domestic Water Supplies for the Farm. New York and London, 1912, p. 68. 
19611°— 14 2 
