30 
BULLETIN 57, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
The spring should be walled in to form a reservoir as shown in the 
discussion of springs, page 12. If a stream is used it should be 
dammed back until a sufficient flow and fall is obtained. 
Earns may be obtained to supply water for both elevated tank and 
pneumatic tank systems. In purchasing a ram this should also be 
specified. 
In order to obtain the desired fall it is often necessary to convey 
the water a greater distance than the length of drive pipe used. 
Figure 25 illustrates two methods of securing the necessary fall. 
It is necessary to provide a shelter for the hydraulic ram to prevent 
freezing in cold weather. The pipes should also be placed below the 
frost line. In setting a ram the foundation should be firm and level. 
The drive pipe should be laid on a perfectly straight incline without 
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Fig. 25. — Two methods of securing the necessary fall in drive pipe. 
bends or curves, except where the pipe enters the ram, and this 
should be made by bending the pipe. Fittings should not be used. 
The upper end of the drive pipe should be sufficiently below the sur- 
face of the water to prevent air suction — at least a foot. A good open 
strainer should be provided at the upper end also. Above all things 
the drive pipe should be air-tight. 
The delivery pipe may be laid with the necessary bends, according 
to the usual practice in laying water pipes, but all pipes should be 
connected before starting the engine and they should be left uncovered 
until all leaks are stopped. However, there should be as few bends 
and elbows in the delivery pipe as possible in order to reduce friction. 
Manufacturers of hydraulic rams should supply directions for the 
proper installation, operation, and care of then particular rams, and 
these directions should be carefully followed. 
