, WATER SUPPLY, PLUMBING, ETC., FOR COUNTRY HOMES. 31 
PLUMBING. 
IMPORTANT POINTS TO BE CONSIDERED. 
The important points to be considered in the arrangement of a 
plumbing system are (1) durability of material and construction, and 
(2) simplicity. Avoid any complication of pipes and arrange the 
water pipes so as to carry the water to- the point of discharge in as 
nearly a straight line as possible. The use of lead pipe or lead-lined 
receptacles for drinking water should be avoided in small private 
systems. 
WATER PLUMBING. 
The main pipe from the supply tank should be about 1J inches 
in diameter and never less than 1 inch. It leads to the kitchen 
range and then branches. One branch conveys cold water to the 
fixtures and the other conveys water through the heater, through the 
hot-water tank, and thence to the hot-water fixtures. The hot- 
water pipe should parallel the cold-water pipe but should not be so 
close to it that the temperature of either will affect that of the other. 
The arrangement of water pipes, hot-water tank, etc., is shown in 
figure 14. The hot- water pipes are shown in black. All water pipes 
should be put in with red lead and all fittings should be screwed tight. 
The natural direction of travel of hot water is upward, and this should 
be aided, in arranging the hot-water pipes, as much as possible. 
The sizes of pipes generally used for supplying water to the various 
fixtures are given in the following table: 
Size oftoater pipes in building. 
Supply branches. 
Low 
pressure. 
High 
pressure. 
Supply branches. 
Low 
pressure. 
High 
pressure. 
To bath cocks 
Inches. 
1-4 
Inches. 
P 
To water-closet flush pipes 
To kitchen sink's , 
Inches. 
i-f 
Inches. 
To basin cocks 
All water pipes should have sufficient slant to drain them back into 
the tank or drainage system, and a drain pipe and cock should be 
provided at the low point in the system, so that in extremely cold 
weather the system may be drained into the sewer or drainage system 
to prevent freezing. This necessitates a stop cock on the pressure- 
tank outlet to prevent draining the tank. 
Pipes should be kept from the outer walls to prevent freezing, and 
pipes located where they are in any danger whatever of freezing 
should be boxed in sawdust or some other nonconducting material. 
Since a plentiful supply of hot water is convenient and a large 
quantity retains heat for some time, it is well to provide a fairly large 
hot-water tank. However, the size of boiler depends on the existing 
