UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
| BULLETIN No. 923 
Contribution from the Bureau of Animal Industry 
JOHN R. MOHLER, Chief 
Washington, D. C. 
February 21, 1921 
UNIT REQUIREMENTS FOR PRODUCING MARKET 
MILK IN VERMONT. 
By J. B. Bain, Dairy Husbandman; R. J. Posson, Market Milk Specialist; 
and Ralph P. Hotis, Assistant Market Milk Specialist, Dairy Division. 
CONTENTS. 
Page. 
Character and scope of the work 1 
Methods used in obtaining the data 
Winter and summer feeding 
Description of the herds 
Requirements for producing 100 pounds 
of milk 
Requirements for keeping a cow one 
year 
Credit for calves and manure 
Requirements for keeping a hull 
Factors involved in the production of 
milk 
Page. 
Factors involved, etc. — Continued. 
Feed 9 
Pasture 10 
Labor 10 
Other costs 11 
Per cent comparisons of factors in- 
volved — . 13 
Determination of the bulk line of pro- 
duction 14 
Monthly distribution of factors in milk 
production 14 
Summary 17 
CHARACTER AND SCOPE OF THE WORK. 
To determine the requirements of milk production and to obtain 
data which would aid in improving milk-production methods, the 
L T nited States Department of Agriculture, through the Dairy Divi- 
sion, Bureau of Animal Industry, began a series of studies in 1915. 
These studies were made in detail on practical dairy farms in various 
market milk centers of the United States, and the project with 
which this bulletin deals was undertaken in a market milk section 
of Vermont. 
The work of this project, which was located in Addison County, 
was begun on all but three of the herds in November and December, 
1916, and on these three in March,- 1917. Although the records of 
the last three herds were not completed until March, 1919, they are 
included and reported with the records of the herds completed in 
December. 1918. 
15786 — 21 1 
