MARKET MILK IN VERMONT. 7 
CREDIT FOR CALVES AND MANURE. 
CALVES. 
Most of the heifer calves were raised or sold to neighbors for rais- 
ing. The grade bull calves were usually vealed, and the whole milk 
sucked from the cows was credited to the herd by crediting the sell- 
ing price of the calves and not the birth value. 
Table 5. — Credit for calves produced, by years and seasons. 
Year. 
Seasons. 
Item. 
1916-17 
1917-18 
Two 
winters. 
Two 
summers. 
374 
2,275.05 
6.08 
0.84 
5.13 
341 
2, 647. 37 
7.76 
0.85 
6.56 
481 
3,160.99 
6.57 
0.58 
3.86 
234 
Total value of calves 
Average value of calves 
Calves per cow 
dollars.. 
do.... 
1,761.43 
7.53 
0.27 
Credit per cow. . . 
dollars.. 
2-01 
Since the purebred cows were given the same value as grade cows 
of like producing ability, the purebred bull calves were credited 
to the herds at what they would have been worth when 4 days old 
to fatten for veal and the purebred heifer calves at the value of 
grade heifer calves. 
MANURE. 
The credit for manure was figured after taking the following fac- 
tors into consideration : Fertilizing constituents in the feeds ; 3 quanti- 
ties of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash not utilized in the 
bodies of the cows but voided in the manure; the per cent of the 
total manure dropped in the barn; the per cent of manure saved in 
the storing and handling ; the nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash 
contained in the bedding; and the value of these fertilizing con- 
stituents saved in the manure and bedding, all being figured at 
wholesale prices for commercial fertilizer. 
Table 6. — Credit for manure and fertilizing constituents, by seasons. 
Item. 
Manure and bedding saved: 
First year 
Second year 
Average per cow 
3 Obtained from " Feeds and Feeding," by Henry and Morrison 
Winter. 
Tons. 
1,862.7 
1,815.4 
4.5 
Summer. 
Tons. 
327.9 
384.4 
0.8 
