30 BULLETIN 100, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
scarcity of males in the fall of 1912 at Walnut Creek, Cal., it seemed 
very probable that a large proportion of the eggs would prove to be 
sterile, and in the following spring examinations of egg-infested trees 
showed this assumption to be correct. 
The Viviparous Forms. 
The stem-mothers commence hatching very shortly after the leaf 
buds open in the latter part of March. Previous to the first molt 
they are pale lemon-yellow with red eyes, hyaline legs, and dusky 
tarsi; the joints of the antennae have black articulations; on the 
abdomen are four longitudinal rows of circular dusky spots from each 
of which arises a capitate spine. They are destined to become winged 
and in their later stages do not differ from the summer winged 
viviparous individuals. 
Fig. 14. — Monellia caryclla: Pupa of winged viviparous female. (Original.) 
THE PUPA OF THE WINGED VIVIPAROUS FEMALE (FIG. 14). 
General color pale lemon-yellow; some individuals exhibit a decided greenish, 
others a decided salmon colored tinge. Antennae two-thirds of the body in length; 
apices of joints III to VI and the whole filament dusky, otherwise pale yellow, almost 
white. Eyes bright red. Head with eight capitate spines, six of these on the frontal 
margin and two near the hind border. Prothorax with six capitate spines, two of 
these near the middle of the segment and four in a transverse row along the hind 
margin. Mesothorax, metathorax, and abdomen with six longitudinal rows of capitate 
spines. Legs pale yellow, tarsi dusky. Wing pads pale, after being imbedded in 
balsam for a few days becoming dusky. Cornicles barely perceptible, wider than 
long. Cauda rounded, not as long as the hind tarsi and without hairs. Beak pale 
with a brown tip, almost reaching the second pair of coxae. Measurements: Length 
of body, 1.81 mm.; width of body,~0.72 mm.; antenna, joint I, 0.070 mm.; joint II, 
0.050 mm.; joint III, 0.253 mm.; joint IV, 0.198 mm.; joint V, 0.183 mm.; joint VI, 
0.134 mm.; filament, 0.105 mm. 
Described from four specimens, Walnut Creek, Cal., October, 1912. 
