2 BULLETIN 62, IT. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Ill this way it has been shown how cotton is affected — that is, im- 
proved or injured — when grown in certain ways or handled in certain 
ways. 
The last appropriation bill of the Department of Agriculture 
was so amended in the Senate as to direct the Secretary of Agri- 
culture to make tests as to the waste, tensile strength, and bleach- 
ing qualities of the various grades of cotton as established by the 
Government. 
These experiments are being conducted in part at the Riverside 
and Dan River Cotton Mills, at Danville, Va., and are being so 
carried out as to reserve at each stage of the manufacture a liberal 
supply of the material. It is intended that this reserve shall be 
used in making 50 sets of exhibits to accompany the full report. 
Each exhibit will consist of 25 to 50 boxes or cases containing samples 
of waste, sliver, roving, yarn, etc., of such size that their commercial 
qualities can be estimated by those versed in the art. It is intended 
to distribute these exhibits in such a way as to make them accessible 
to growers, buyers, manufacturers, and educational institutions. 
COTTON USED IN THE EXPERIMENTS. 
In making these waste, tensile strength, and bleaching tests of the 
official grades of cotton, only the grades Middling Fan, Good Middling, 
Middling, Low Middling, and Good Ordinary have been used. This 
method makes it possible to test a larger number of bales of the 
respective grades and so gives a more accurate average. The qualities 
of the intermediate grades may then be interpolated. Since there is 
some difference in the spinning characteristics of eastern and western 
Upland cotton, the test has been divided into two parts. From 50 to 
60 bales of the two respective growths, or an aggregate of 100 to 120 
bales have been selected; that is, 10 to 12 bales of each grade of both 
Atlantic States Upland and Western Upland cotton. In order that 
the tests may be comparative, each lot has the same length of staple — 
1 inch. There is probably more staple produced which is fifteen- 
sixteenths of an inch to 1 inch than any other one length in both the 
eastern and western Upland cotton. The term ''Western Upland" 
as here used includes practically all cotton grown west of Alabama, 
except long-staple river-bottom cotton. 
The cotton was secured in June, 1913, from the following places: 
Greenville, S. C, 6 bales, Atlantic States Upland cotton. 
Seneca, S. C, 5 bales, Atlantic States Upland cotton. 
Atlanta, Ga., 34 bales, Atlantic States Upland cotton. 
Atlanta and Montgomery, 18 bales, Atlantic States Upland cotton. 
New Orleans, La., 9 bales, Western Upland cotton. 
Mobile, Ala., 32 bales, Western Upland cotton. 
Memphis, Tenn., 5 bales, Western Upland cotton. 
Lesser-Goldman, St. Louis, Mo., 12 bales, Western Upland cotton. 
New Orleans, La., 2 bales, Western Upland cotton. 
