ZYGADENUS, OR DEATH CAMAS. 9 
Fishlake National Forest, Utah (Table I, section J). There were 
also two experimental feedings of Zygadenus paniculatus from 
Ephraim, Utah (Table I, section K). Three head of cattle in 1913 
were fed upon Zygadenus venenosus (Table I, section C), and a horse 
was fed twice upon Zygadenus venenosus and once upon Zygadenus 
elegans (Table I, section D). 
So far as possible, the feeding experiments were carried on under 
natural conditions. To this end the animals were, ordinarily, de- 
prived of food for about 24 hours, and then the plant to be tested was 
offered to them. If they did not eat readily, they were tempted by 
mixing the plant, sometimes ground up, with hay or grain. As it 
was difficult to get any large number of cases by feeding, on account 
of the dislike of the animals to the plant, resort was had to drenching 
and forced feeding. In the drenching experiments, the plant was 
ground and suspended in sufficient water to make the administration 
possible, the drenching being done in most cases with the animal 
upon its haunches. Forced feeding was conducted in some cases 
by placing the plant by hand, a little at a time, in the animal's 
mouth. In the majority of experiments in forced feeding, however, 
a veterinarian's ordinary balling gun was used, and the ground material 
was fed as fast as the animal would swallow it. 
The terms under "Severity of illness" are used in the following 
way: 
"Not sick" includes cases in which no symptons appeared. 
"Symptoms" includes cases in which there was slight salivation for a few minutes, 
some regurgitation, some licking of the lips, indicating nausea, or indications of 
uneasiness. 
"Slightly sick" includes those in which salivation was continued for an hour or 
more, with considerable regurgitation. Depression, slightly labored respiration, and 
temperature reduction may occur. 
"Sick" includes cases exhibiting vomiting, weakness, and sometimes hyper- 
sensitiveness and trembling. 
"Very sick " cases were characterized by prostration, extreme respiratory difficulty, 
and subnormal temperature. 
47698°— Bull. 125—15 2 
