ZYGADENUS, OR DEATH CAMAS. 25 
cases, and was rarely absent when the attack was acute. The saliva- 
tion was in many cases accompanied by grinding of the teeth. Plate 
IV, figure 1, of sheep No. 160, and Plate IV, figure 2, of sheep No. 192, 
illustrate this stage of the illness. 
NAUSEA. 
Nausea was very pronounced in nearly all cases, and frequently 
resulted in violent vomiting, this vomiting, like the salivation, being 
largely confined to the acute stage of the illness. 
PULSE. 
Routine observations upon the pulse were made in a large number 
of cases. The rate of the pulse is, of course, very variable under 
normal conditions. When taken before the experimental feeding it 
varied from 52 to 144, although in most cases it was between 60 and 
100. Generally speaking, when the intoxication was not acute there 
was very little change from what would be expected in normal 
variations either in the rate or character of the pulse. In the severer 
cases, especially in those that ended fatally, the rate was from 125 
to 200. While in three cases of sheep not under the influence of a 
toxic substance the pulse was 144, this condition is unusual; and 
in a general way it seems to be true that if the rate runs much above 
130 a fatal termination of the illness is likely to follow. In the 
severe cases the pulse was weak and sometimes intermittent. 
TEMPERATURE. 
Temperature observations were made in detail in a large number 
of cases. It was considered necessary to get the average of a con- 
siderable number, inasmuch as there is in sheep quite a range of 
variability under normal conditions and also a considerable difference 
in individuals. The extreme range of temperature was from 97.4° 
to 105.7° F. From the cases of 1914, 64 records were made. Of 
these, 8 showed no marked change, 14 exhibited an increase, and 42 
a decrease, and the decrease ordinarily was not very great but in 
some few cases was down to between 97° and 98° F. It is evident 
that, in general, intoxication by Zygadenus is accompanied by depres- 
sion of temperature. In some few cases, in which there were no 
other symptoms of poisoning, a lowering of temperature was noticed; 
this, however, was not sufficiently general so that it could be con- 
sidered diagnostic in the absence of other symptoms. Curves are 
given (figs. 1 and 2) of sheep 282 and 291. These, it should be stated, 
are not average cases, but they may be considered typical of cases 
in which the lowering of temperature is more marked. 
