TESTS OF BARLEY VARIETIES IN AMERICA 3 
tions. Otlier varieties adapted to these districts are often interme- 
diate in character, especially where the districts mer^e into each 
other; that is, where sets of conditions overlap. The Chevalier va- 
riety is typical of England. 'Very similar barle3's, however, are 
found in JDenmark and Bohemia, where conditions similar to those 
of England exist. The Hanna barleys of Bavaria, Austria, and 
Bohemia differ somewhat from the 2-rowed sorts which are occasion- 
ally found in southern Eussia. 
The nodding Coast and more erect Peruvian types of North Africa 
are quite characteristic of that region. Stavropol, a variety brought 
from the dry Sta^Topol region of southern Eussia, is similar to the 
nodding Coast type. In the areas north and east of the Black and 
Caspian Seas there are numerous 6-rowed barley's of local adaptation. 
These are grown on the border land between regions suited to the 
culture of barley of the North African type and those suited to that 
of the Manchurian type. Many of these varieties are intermediate 
between these groups. A variety partaking of the characters of two 
groups is defined to a certain extent by placing it in either one of 
them. 
FOREIGN SOURCES 
The original introductions of barley into America were entirely 
from Europe and North Africa. Later, barleys from Asia Minor 
were im^ported in a commercial way. The Nepal barley of India was 
introduced largely as a curiosity. In recent years numerous barleys 
have been brought into this country from Asia. Yields of many 
varieties from different parts of the world are reported in the tables 
of this bulletin. The commercial-barley acreage of the United States 
at the present time consists almost entirely of barlej^s from two 
ecological districts. These are (1) North Africa and (2) the central 
Eurasian Plain, which reaches through the level temperate countries 
from the North Sea, through Eussia, and by a slender belt through 
Siberia to the Pacific Ocean. 
The barleys of the v/estern part of the United States are entirely 
of the ISorth African group, with the exception of those grown in 
certain valleys, such as the Salinas of California, where unusual 
conditions occur. The North African barleys came into America 
with the Spanish invasion and spread with the settlements on the 
Pacific coast. These introductions were grown almost to the exclu- 
sion of all other varieties until the last few years, when two other 
North African barleys were introduced into general field agriculture. 
These were the Club Mariout and California Mariout from the 
district of Mariout, Egypt, the latter from nonirrigated lands. 
These varieties are now grown on an acreage which seems to 
assure their place in the western part of the United States, at 
least until others are brought in or developed. The 6-rowed barleys 
grown in the Mississippi Valley are of the type best adapted to the 
Eurasian Plain. The western European varieties of this group have 
been displaced in the last 50 years by introductions from Manchuria 
and Germ.any. 
The two sources of barleys which are in most urgent need of explo- 
ration are North Africa, wliich has given us the dominant iypcii of tlio 
Pacific coast, and Manchuria, which has furnished the most vigor- 
ous and most disease-resistant varieties of the Mississippi Valley. 
