6 
BULLETIN 1334^ U. fe. DEPARTMENT OP AGMCULTUEE 
ments had reached central New York. Here both the soil conditions 
and the cool sumrners were favorable to the growing of barley. 
A series of maps showing the production of barley in the census 
years from 1839 until 1919, inclusive, is given as Figures 1 to 8, 
inclusive. In 1839 some barley was still grown in the cooler sections 
of the Atlantic seaboard. Most of this was in Maine, although 
some was cultivated in Xew Hampshire and Massachusetts. The 
greater part of the American crop, hovv'ever, was produced along the 
line of the Erie Canal, which traversed a section wnere the production 
of barley was profitable and gave ready access to the Aloany, New 
York, and other city markets. The distribution of barley acreage 
along the canal is very apparent in Figure 1. 
BARLEY PRODUCTION 
a"^ 
1839 
V^ 
S^ 
■TT^' ■•■*■' U^ 
f 
'\ 
AH2, 
""^/s 7-/1 7- 
C BUS. 
E 
ACH DOT RE 
100,000 B 
PRESENTS \ 
JSHELS' 
/ « )' 2,S20.0S,? 
sy Mo. 355.161 
7 Ohio 2l2.i.i.O 
\ Pa. 209.693 
\ Mass. 165.319 
\ Mich. 12 7.602 
\ N.H. 121.399 
\ Va. 6 7.^30 
\ III 62.251 
. \ R.I. 66,4.90 
\ Or^er 212.75, 
\_/ U.S. 4.161.50'^ 
BARLEY PRODUCTION 
EACH DOT REPRESENTS 
10 0,000 BUSHELS 
Fig. 1.— In 1839 most of the barley of the United States was produced in New York. The 
production was heaviest eJong the line cf the Erie Ct.nal. There also vrr.s a fringe of pro- 
duction near the coast of New England and a small acreage on the favorable soils of 
southeastern Pennsylvania. The production of barley in 1S49 was still centered in New 
York State. In the Mississippi Valley a city demand for barley for brewing was reflected 
in the beginnings of production near Cincinnati, St. Louis, and Milwaukee 
There was but little change in the location of the acreage between 
1839 and 1849. A little less was grown along the Atlantic seaboard. 
The New York acrea^ was more concentrated in the western two- 
thirds of the State. Barley cultivation had given way to the pro- 
duction of crops of higher money value on the soils of southeastern 
Pennsylvania. In response to the demands of growmg cities, areas 
of production appeared near Pittsburgh, Cmcmnati, St. Louis, and 
Milwaukee. This, of course, was a result of the demand for brewing 
barley. 
By 1859 the New York acreage was centered in the western part 
of the State (fig. 2) . The acreage around Cincinnati had expanded 
greatly, owing to the large demand for brewing in that city. This 
acreage disappeared in later years, when transportation was developed 
to the extent that barley could be brought from other sections more 
chea})ly than it could t)e grown around Cincinnati. 
The acreage about vSt. Louis, where the conditions are not favor- 
al)le for the prochiction of barley, never expanded as did that near 
Cincinnati. The cultivation of ]:)arley about Milwaukee, on the 
