TESTS OF BARLEY VARIETIES IN AMERICA 7 
other hand, was extended very rapidly. In southern Wisconsin, 
northern IlHnois, and along the Mississippi in eastern Iowa conditions 
were particularly favorable for securing higher yields. The demand 
of the Milwaukee and Chicago markets was such as to encourage 
production. The river transportation not only gave a market m 
St. Louis, but probably was responsible for the fact that a large 
acreage was never developed near that city. 
Barley was introduced into California with the early missions. 
It was grown wherever there were settlements, because the districts 
were very well suited to barley production and there was no other 
gi^ain which could be grown so successfully for feed. To this demand 
was added the brewing demand on the west coast. In 1848 gold was 
discovered in California. The population in the area about San 
Francisco increased very rapidly. With this increase there was a 
r 
Fig. 2.— By 1859 New York was losing its dominant position in barley production. Pro- 
duction had increased in southwestern Ohio, about Cincinnati, and still more notably 
in northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin. In this section barley had spread away 
from the local city market and become a general farm crop. Only a slight increase took 
place near St. Louis. The settlement of central California, following the discovery of 
gold, resulted in a production in the State fully as great as that in New York. 
great expansion of the barley acreage. By 1859 California was 
producing as much barley as New York. 
In 1869 the barley acreage was in the same regions as in 1859, 
but the area was more extensive (fig. 3). Both California and New 
York were growing more barley. The malting industry of western 
New York had developed greatly, and there was a resultant increase 
in production in that section of the State. The acreage in the 
eastern portion of Michigan, which is especially favorable to the 
production of barley, had increased. The greatest expansion occurred 
in the districts west and north of Chicago and Milwaukee. Condi- 
tions in the upper Mississippi Valley are well suited to the raising 
of barley. The extensive cultivation of this grain followed the settle- 
ments as closely as transportation developed to take care of the 
surplus crop. Southeastern Minnesota is a district in which both 
soil and climate are quite favorable and the acre yields are large. 
There was a considerable acreage in tliis part of the State in 1869, 
as may be seen in Figure 3. % 
