TESTS OF BAKLEY VAEIETIES IX AMERICA 9 
maintained in southeastern Nebraska in later years, while that of 
Dakota Territory expanded along the Red River and later over the 
eastern half of both Dakotas. 
In the 10 years from 1879 to 1889 the development of centers of 
production in barley was accentuated. As a cash crop in 1889 it was 
grown on large acreages in five different centers, as may be seen 
from Figure 5. These were western New York, eastern Wisconsin, 
southeastern Minnesota, western Iowa, and central California. A 
considerable acreage was grown in Michigan, the area extending 
into northwestern Ohio. Barley was not so widely grown in northern 
Illinois as it had been previously. There was a marked expansion 
of the acreage in the Red River Valley. 
In 1890 a law was enacted w^hich raised the tariff to 30 cents per 
bushel. Western New York up to this time had been a ^reat 
malting center. The malt houses of this district had obtained Targe 
STATC BUS. 
STATU BUS. 
Calif / 7. 548. 366 
Nebr I.BZi.lll 
ms is.as.a?? 
N Dok 1.570.1 n 
lOy,a 13.406. lie 
Wash. /. 169. 140 
Mi.nn 9.100.663 
III 1.197206 
NY eZBO.i^i 
other 6.45 0.1 !l 
M.ch. e.see.3 76 
US 76.331.976 
Fig. 5.— By 1889 there was a marked concentration of the areas growing barley for the malt- 
ing market. On the favorable soils of western New York, southeastern Wisconsin, south- 
eastern Minnesota, and northwestern Iowa, and in the central valley of California barley 
was grown as a money crop. At the same time production was increasing in the Red River 
Valley of Minnesota and North Dakota. The production of barley about Cincinnati 
decreased in the face of competition from the northern Mississippi Valley 
quantities of barley from Canada. These houses had given a ready 
market to all the barley that could be produced in western New 
York. The tariff of 1890 was sufficient to make importation from 
Canada unprofitable. As malt weighs less per bushel than barley 
the malt houses of Wisconsm and Miimesota could ship to the eastern 
seaboard more cheaply than it was possible for the eastern malt 
houses to purchase barley for malting. The maltmgindustry was 
gradually transferred from western New York to Wisconsin and 
neighboring States. This, in turn, decreased the market for barley 
in western New York, and this with the competition of other crops 
gradually reduced the acreage. 
In 1899, as shown in Figure 6, western New York was no longer 
one of the principal centers of production. However, the loss of 
acreage in New York State was much more than made up by the 
expansion in the Red River Valley and in eastern Oregon and Wash- 
ington. By 1899 a large acreage of barley was gro\\T:i in western 
