TESTS OF [BARLEY VARIETIES IN AMERICA 
155 
are three distinct subdivisions: (1) Those States north of the Ohio 
River extending from the Atlantic seaboard to the northern Great 
Plains area, (2) the States of the northern Great Plains, and (3) the 
Southern States. 
The Northeastern States are characterized by moderate summer 
temperature and an ample summer rainfall. This area includes the 
most important barley-producing center east of the Rocky Mountains. 
On the northern Great Plains there is precipitation during the summer, 
but the quantity is considerably less than in the Northeastern States, 
and droughts are frequent. In the Southern States the summers 
are hot, and the winters are sufficiently mild for the growing of winter 
varieties. 
West of the Rocky Mountains the rainfall occui-s during the winter 
season, and the crop ripens during hot dry weather. 
SPRING BARLEYS FOR HUMID AREAS 
In the earlier years in New England the 2-rowed barleys of the 
Thorpe and Chevalier t3^pes predominated. The barley acreage now 
has almost disappeared. New York was for many years an important 
center of production. Both soil and climate are suited to the growing 
of barley, which vras in great demand for brewing and malting 
purposes. As has been previously stated, the types grown in these 
earlier years v^ere doubtless the 2-rowed Hanna and Chevalier and a 
6-rowed barley of unknown identity, probably brought from western 
Europe and northern England. At the present tim.e types adapted 
to general farming, such as Manchuria and Hanna, usually are grown. 
To supply the demand for feed in the dairy industry the acreage 
sown to these varieties has been considerably increased in recent 
years. In Pennsylvania, where barley cultivation is of onh^ local 
importance, the varieties are of the same general types as in New 
York. 
In the upper Mississippi Valley the Manchuria-Oderbrucker 
varieties have been grown almost exclusively for many years^ The 
earlier agricultural records show that a 6-rowed barley which was 
probably quite similar to the varieties now grown commercially 
was in cultivation there. 
Numerous experiments at the stations in the various States have 
been conducted for a sufficient number of ^^ears to prove beyond 
doubt that the Manchuria-Oderbrucker types are best adapted to the 
region. The pioneer stations in barley experimentation were those 
in Wisconsin, Minnesota, and North Dakota. The first experiments 
at Madison, Wis., were conducted in 1870; at Fargo, N. Dak., in 
1892; and at St. Paul, Minn., in 1893. At these stations the Man- 
churia-Oderbrucker varieties were superior to all others tested. 
From the types grown in the various localities and from the results 
at the various stations, boundaries can be defined. 
Spring barleys adapted to humid climates are grown in the north- 
eastern part of the region of summer rainfall. This area (fig. 10) 
is arbitrarily bounded by a line starting near Indian Head, Saskatche- 
wan, crossing the northern boundary of North Dakota near the Mon- 
tana line, running diagonally to southeastern South Dakota, and 
continuing to southeastern Iowa. Then crossing Illinois and Indiana 
it divides these two States in halves. It then cmwes northward to 
