164 BULLETIIT 1334^ U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUEE 
Smyrna strains as grown at Aberdeen, Idaho, in 1921 was the longer 
straw length of C. I. No. 658. At Bozeman, Mont., Burns, Oreg., 
Dickinson, N. Dak., and Archer, Wyo., it has yielded well. 
SIX-ROWED HULLED AWNED AND AWNLESS BARLEYS 
MANCHURIA (C. I. NO. 244) 
All the unpedigreed Manchuria barleys originally sent out from 
the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Ontario, have been given 
the number C. I. 244. According to Ontario Agricultural College 
Bulletin No. 71, page 6, this barley, under the name '^Mandscheuri," 
was 'imported from Russia in 1881 and is probably the same as 
Mensury.^^ The writers do not know the full history of this variety. 
It was grown and distributed under the name ''Mandscheuri," which 
is German for Manchuria. Other variations of the spelling occurred 
later. It is not stated in the report whether the barley was imported 
direct from Russia or through Germany. All varieties tracing to 
Guelph have been kept separate from those tracing to Madison, Wis. 
It may be that it is from the same source and the same stock as 
C. I. No. 241. As both varieties are merely mixtures of an indefinite 
number of strains, their culture at Madison and Guelph would even- 
tually result in a different residual complex, whether they were the 
same or different to start with. The variety resulting at Guelph 
seems to have been the better of the two for most of the Manchuria 
district. 
In 1894 this variety was sent from Guelph, Ontario, to St. Paul, 
Minn., from which place it was received at Fargo, N. Dak. It was 
soon grown by many seedsmen and was rapidly distributed to the 
various experiment stations and farmers in the upper Mississippi 
Valley. At many of the stations it is still grown as Minnesota 
No. 32 or Minnesota No. 105. Its immediate origin is thought to 
be the humid plains of eastern Manchuria, though descendants from 
the same common stock doubtless spread to the plains of central 
Europe. In the United States its area of best adaptation is undoubt- 
edly the humid States of the upper Mississippi Valley, where soil and 
climatic conditions are quite comparable to those of central Eurasia. 
Manchuria is a 6-rowed bearded variety with lax head and long 
straw. (PL II, A.) Since it is a mixture of a number of strains the 
aleurone layer may be either blue or white. This variety has been 
widely tested for many years in the United States. It has produced 
exceptionally high yields at St. Paul, Minn., and Fargo, N. Dak., and 
is the common barley grown commercially in these States. A number 
of selections have been made from C. I. No. 244 which have also been 
high yielders at the various stations. 
MANCHURIA (C. I. NO. 241) 
Manchuria (C. I. No. 241) was the first introduction of the Man- 
churia barley into the United States. About 1859 a traveler brought 
to Germany a sample of barley from the Amur River district of 
Manchuria. About 1861 Dr. Herman Grunow, of Mifflin, Iowa 
County, Wis., while on a visit to Germany, secured some of this seed, 
which he brouglit to America. The Wisconsin Agricultural Experi- 
ment Station received this barley from Doctor Grunow and grew it 
