YIELDS FROM DISTILLATION OF CERTAIN HARDWOODS. 7 
are therefore omitted in this bulletin. The data from Bulletin 129 
corrected to eliminate the yields from lumber are given in Table 4. 
Table 4. — Relative yields of commercial alcohol and acetate per cord. 
(Average yield from heartwood of beech, birch, and maple from Indiana and Wisconsin=100 
acetate=316 poimds; alcohol=10.63 gallons.] 
per cent; 
Species. 
Locality. 
Alcohol. 
Acetate. 
Heart. 
Slab. 
Heart. 
Slab. 
Beech 
111.0 
127.2 
78.2 
87.6 
111.0 
111.6 
88.4 
34.8 
144.2 
86.7 
86.7 
82.4 
102.6 
118.6 
83.7 
85.7 
109.3 
100.8 
86.7 
33.9 
95.3 
99.1 
109.5 
101.0 
95.3 
99.4 
85.2 
62.7 
106.0 
Do 
Pennsylvania 
106.7 
Birch. .. 
Wisconsin . . 
112.4 
Do 
Pennsylvania 
99.4 
Hard maple ^ 
W isconsin 
89 9 
Do 
Pennsylvania 
95.4 
Hed gum 
Missouri 
78.2 
Chestnut . . 
New Jersey 
60.2 
Hickory 
Indiana 
White oak 
do 
86.7 
95.2 
98.0 
97.7 
83.0 
71.6 
93.4 
Do 
Arkansas 
85.2 
Tupelo... . 
Missouri. 
82.4 
Elm and silver maple, which gave low yields of alcohol and acetic 
acid, also gaA^e low yields of liquor per cord. The cost of recovery 
per cord would, of course, be somewhat dependent on the amount of 
pyroligneous acid to be refined. 
The yields of charcoal and tar are only of relative interest. It was 
not possible in the laboratory tests to determine the value of these 
products, whose quality is only known in the wood-distillation indus- 
try in terms of commercial methods of distilling. In general, how- 
ever, it is noted that the heavier woods give higher yields of charcoal. 
PYROLIGNEOUS ACID, TAR, AND CHARCOAL. 
The average yields of pyroligneous acid, tar, and charcoal ex- 
pressed in pounds per cord are given in Table 5. The yields of 
pyroligneous acid are of interest mainly in connection with the cost 
of refining the products from a cord of wood. 
Table 5. — Average yields of pyroligneous acid, tar, and charcoal per cord. 
Species. 
Beech 
Birch 
Maple 
White elm 
Slippery elm 
Silver maple 
Green, blue, and yel- 
low ash. 
Black ash 
Green ash 
Chestnut oak 
Tanbark oak 
Black oak 
Swamp oak . 
Eucalyptus. 
Locality. 
Indiana 
Wisconsin 
do 
Pennsylvania . . 
Wisconsin 
do 
Tennessee and 
Missouri. 
Wisconsin 
Missouri 
Tennessee 
California 
.do. 
Louisiana. 
California. 
Pyroligneous acid 
(based on oven- 
dry wood). 
Lbs. 
1,062 
1,152 
1,120 
946 
984 
920 
1,162 
1,070 
1,280 
1,315 
1,089 
Lbs 
1,165 
1,159 
1,061 
997 
913 
809 
990 
1,040 
1,072 
1,125 
1,024 
l,405j 1,500 
Lbs. 
1,113.5 
1,155.5 
1, 090. 5 
971.5 
948.5 
864.5 
1,076 
1,055 
1,045 
1,176 
1,420 
1,056.5 
1, 452. 5 
Charcoal. 
Lbs 
1,417 
1,315 
1,341 
1,065 
1,180 
1,030 
1,410 
1.162 
1,425 
1,330 
1,598 
2,065 
Lbs. 
1,297 
1,284 
1,515 
1,055 
1,275 
1,115 
1,575 
1,234 
1,389 
1,630 
1,900 
03X2 
Lbs. 
1,357 
1, 299. 5 
1,428 
1,060 
1,228 
1,072 
1,492 
1,198 
1,388 
1,555 
1,640 
1,614 
1.982 
Tar. 
M 
Lbs 
319 
325 
418 
322 
279 
302 
390 
348 
'"368 
318 
Lbs. 
349 
285 
310 
295 
205 
201 
270 
276 
1346 
316 
Lbs. 
334 
305 
364 
309 
242 
252 
330 
312 
"342 
1413 
279 
271 
Lbs. 
3,785 
3,875 
3,600 
3,060 
3,330 
2,880 
3,960 
3,510 
3,960 
4,140 
4,068 
3,800 
14,650 
3,960 
4,950 
Limbs. 
