2 BULLETIN 72, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGEICULTUEE. 
statistics for recent importations of kraft paper are not available, but 
in 1908, three years after its introduction into the United States, the 
imports amounted to between 10,000 and 12,000 tons. 1 In 1912 
the imports of unbleached sulphate pulp from Sweden alone were 
approximately 21,600 short tons, and from Norway 8,400 short tons.2 
Manila wrapping papers, including the better imitation manilas, 
have generally been considered the strongest and best wearing, but 
the light-weight kraft papers give the same service as manilas almost 
twice as heavy. Although strong, light-weight wrapping papers are 
made in this country from sulphite pulps, the imported kraft papers 
and papers made from imported kraft pulps have proved too formidable 
competitors for even the best wholly-domestic product of this kind. 
The immediate success and largely increasing use of kraft products 
has brought on the market imitations, colored to resemble the gen- 
uine, made from strong sulphite pulp or from such pulp together with 
ground, steamed-wood pulp. Although some of them are quite 
strong in the light weights, they are not equal to the genuine in other 
ways. The opportunity for developing an increased domestic output 
of kraft products from native woods is apparent. 
The above-mentioned conditions led the Forest Service to conduct 
a series of tests at the Forest Products Laboratory, maintained in 
cooperation with the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis., in order 
(1) to determine the suitability of the southern pines for paper pulps; 
(2) to ascertain the effects of varying cooking conditions in the sul- 
phate process of pulp making; (3) to compare the sulphate process 
with the soda process. Only longleaf pine has so far been used in the 
tests, of which this bulletin gives the results under such preliminary 
analyses as have been made at this time. 
LUMBER WASTE AVAILABLE FOR PULP MAKING. 
The total stand of longleaf pine (privately owned) was estimated 
by the Bureau of Corporations in 1910 at 232 billion feet board 
measure, while for all southern pines the amount was placed at 384 
billion feet. The lumber cut from these pines in 1910 amounted to 
14 billion feet. The sawed lumber represents approximately one- 
half the volume of the log as it comes to the mill. Bark and saw- 
dust, which are valueless for paper making, constitute a large pro- 
portion of the waste, but it is safe to say that 20 per cent of the 
volume of the log, exclusive of the bark, is lost in slabs, edgings, and 
trimmings. Tops and defective logs left in the woods and small logs 
which at present are converted into lumber With little or no profit 
would furnish a supply of raw material for pulp making even greater 
than that derived from the mill waste. 
i Pulp and Paper Investigation Hearings, 1909, Vol. V, p. 3041. House Doc. 1502, 60th Cong., 2d sess. 
s From estimates made by the Swedish Wood Pulp Association in 1913 and furnished the Forest Service 
by Mr, M. Gintzler, New York City. 
