4 BULLETIN 1208, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
FEEDING 15 POUNDS ONE HOUR BEFORE MILKING. 
Feeding 15 pounds of turnips, which constitute about half of a 
full feed, affected the flavor and odor of the milk. In a total of 254 
opinions on 45 samples of milk produced by cows receiving this 
quantity of turnips, 30.7 per cent of the opinions on flavor and 24.8 
per cent of those on odor rated the milk as normal. Opinions on 
flavor were about equally divided between very slightly off and 
slightly off, 29.1 per cent rating the samples very slightly off and 
27.2 rating them slightly off, while 13 per cent rated them off. 
Off odors were more readily perceived than off flavors, a somewhat 
larger percentage of opinions rating the samples off in odor than in 
flavor. The ratings for odor were 30.3 per cent, 29.9 per cent, and 
15 per cent for very slightly off, slightly off, and off, respectively. 
(See Table 2 and fig. 1.) 
Table 2. — Opinions on flavor and odor of 45 samples of milk from cows fed 15 pounds 
of turnips 1 hour before milking. 
Character of samples. 
Flavor. 
Odor. 
Opinions. 
Percent. 
Opinions. 
Per cent. 
Normal 
78 
74 
33 
30.7 
29.1 
27.2 
13.0 
63 
77 
76 
38 
24. S 
Very slightly off 
30.3 
Slightly off 
29.9 
Off 
15.0 
Total 
254 
100 
254 
100 
FEEDING 30 POUNDS ONE HOUR BEFORE MILKING. 
There was a more marked effect on the flavor and odor of the milk 
when the amount of turnips fed one hour before milking was increased 
from 15 to 30 pounds. Out of a total of 240 opinions on 42 samples 
of milk produced by cows fed 30 pounds, only 6.7 per cent and 4.2 
per cent rated the milk normal in flavor and odor, respectively. 
The percentage of opinions rating the milk very slightly off also 
decreased somewhat as compared with feeding 15 pounds, 25.8 per 
cent rating the milk very slightly off flavor and 18.7 per cent giving 
a similar rating to the odor. 
Table 3. — Opinions on flavor and odor of 42 samples of milk from cows fed 30 pounds 
of turnips 1 hour before milking. 
Character of samples. 
Flavor. 
Odor. 
Opinions. 
Per cent. 
Opinions. Percent. 
16 
62 
80 
82 
6.7 
25.8 
33.3 
34.2 
10 4.2 
45 1 s. 7 
Slightly oil." 
90 37. 5 
Off. 
95 39. 6 

Total 
240 100 
240 100 
By increasing the amount of turnips from 15 to 30 pounds, the 
opinions rating the milk as slightly off and off on flavor were increased 
from 27.2 to 33.3 per cent and from 13 to 34.2 per cent; and those 
rating the milk as slightly off and off on odor increased from 29.9 
