EFFECT OF FEEDING TURNIPS ON FLAVOR OF MILK. 
to 37.5 per cent and from 15 to 39.6 per cent, respectively. 
Table 3 and fig. 1.) 
FEEDING 30 POUNDS IMMEDIATELY AFTER MILKING. 
(See 
Feeding turnips at the rate of 30 pounds immediately after milking 
has but little detrimental effect on the flavor and odor of milk. A 
total of 232 opinions on 41 samples of milk produced by cows receiving 
this amount after milking showed that 87.9 per cent of the opinions 
rated the samples, taken at the next milking, as normal in flavor and 
84.5 per cent as normal in odor. Of the opinions designating off 
flavors and odors, those rating the samples as very slightly off showed 
the higher percentage, 6.9 per cent representing flavor and 8.6 per 
cent representing odor, while 4.3 and 0.9 per cent of the opinions 
rated the flavor slightly off and off, respectively, and 5.2 and 1.7 
per cent gave the same ratings to the odor. (See Table 4 and fig. 1.) 
Table 4. — Opinions on flavor and odor of 41 samples of milk from cons fed SO pounds of 
turnips immediately after milking. 
Character of samples. 
Flavor. Odor. 
Opinions. 
Per cent. 
Opinions. 
Percent. 
204 
16 
10 
2 
87.9 
6.9 
4.3 
.9 
196 
20 
12 
4 
84.5 
> Verv slightlv off 
8.6 
Slightlv off 
5.2 
Off 
1.7 
Total 
232 100 
232 
100 
EFFECT OF IMMEDIATE t 
\ERATI 
ON. 
In order to determine the effect of aeration on the flavor and odor 
of milk produced by cows fed turnips one hour before milking, the 
milk while still warm was run over a surface cooler, cooling it below 
45° F., and samples were again taken. 
In 251 opinions obtained on 43 samples of milk produced by cows 
receiving 15 pounds of turnips one hour before milking, the per- 
centage of opmions rating the milk normal in flavor was increased by 
aeration from 30.7 to 51 per cent, and the percentage rating the milk 
normal in odor was increased from 24.8 to 46.6 per cent. Before 
aeration 13 per cent of the opinions rated the milk off in flavor, which 
was reduced to 10.4 per cent by aeration. Likewise, the percentage 
of opinions rating the flavor as slightly off was reduced from 27.2 
to 19.1 per cent, and the percentage rating it very slightly off was 
decreased from 29.1 to 19.5 per cent. 
Aeration had a similar effect on the odor of the milk. Before 
aeration 15 per cent of the opmions rated the samples off, which was 
reduced to 12.8 per cent, and 29.9 per cent rated the milk slightly off, 
which was reduced to 20.7 per cent, while those rating it very slightlv 
off were reduced from 30.3 to 19.9 per cent. (Compare Table 5 with 
Table 2 and see fig. 1.) 
When 30 pounds of turnips were fed one hour before milking, 
aeration had a still more marked effect on the flavor and odor of the 
milk. In 249 opinions obtained on 42 samples of milk produced by 
cows receiving 30 pounds of turnips before milking, the percentage 
