42 BULLETIN 1380, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
comes yellow. In ordinary infections only the tissues immediately 
beneath the crust or in the near vicinity are affected. 
The globular perithecia are embedded in the crust with their 
mouths slightly raised above its surface and are rather widely 
spaced. Around the margin of the perithecial stroma a secondary 
stroma is present, which apparently represents the conidial stage of 
the fungus. 
The species is one of the most conspicuous leaf diseases of Hevea 
in the Amazon Valley. It is not likely to be of much importance 
except on nursery plants. 
GLOEOSPORIUM LEAF-BLIGHT 
In the case of a number of leaf -spot diseases it has not been 
possible to arrive at any definite conclusion as to the causal organ- 
ism. Since species of Gloeosporium were the predominating fungi 
they have been grouped under the above head. Two types of infec- 
tion prevail. 
SHOT-HOLE 
When the affected tissues of a leaf occupy but a small area and 
fall out in the last stages of the disease, leaving holes, the effect is 
spoken of as shot-hole. Such spots with which Gloeosporium is 
associated are common on the leaves of Hevea. 
On leaves of intermediate development on young seedlings, small 
translucent spots from 2 to 3 millimeters in diameter with a purplish 
brown border surrounded by a lighter colored zone are common 
(PI. XVII, B). The appearance is the same on the lower side of 
the leaf. Before the affected tissues fall out the fungus appears 
in the center of the spots on both sides of the leaf as faint pinkish 
white pustules. These pustules are made up of numerous hyaline 
1-celled spores somewhat constricted in the middle* or budding at 
the ends and are borne on short stalks. The fungus is temporarily 
referred to Gloeoaporiwm a lb o rub rum. This is the first fungus to 
appear and may well be considered the causal organism. It is fol- 
lowed by PhyUosticta hevecee and this in turn by Pestalozzm pal- 
vniruni and Cladosporiv/m herbasrwrn. The last is present on both 
the old and young leaves and is probably the same fungus described 
by Vincens on nursery plants at Para. He described a Scoleco- 
trichum as the principal causal agent, which he named as a new 
species, ScoZecotrichwm hevea£. 
A small uniformly light-brown circular spot averaging 2 milli- 
meters in diameter, frequently found in dense shade on leaves of 
seedlings younger than the preceding, was apparently caused by a 
scale insect, although this could not be definitely determined. Occa- 
sionally an insect could be distinguished resting directly in the cen- 
ter of the spot. Most of the spots, however, gave no evidence of the 
presence of the scale. The light-brown to pinkish spore masses of 
the fungus could sometimes be distinguished in the center of the 
spots when fresh, but they were faded when dry. The fungus is 
Gloeosporium alborubrurm. 
This spot was common in several localities and was the cause 
of an early leaf fall. The diseased tissues fall out in the last stage 
