RUBBER (HEVEA) DISEASES 79 
very low moisture content; hence it is this organism that is likely 
to develop on substances that are apparently dry. 
The quality of rubber is apparently unaffected by the growth of 
superficial molds. 
DISCOLORATIONS 
Before the modern method of drying rubber by controlled tem- 
perature was introduced various discolorations appeared on the prod- 
uct. These defects have become of less importance with the introduc- 
tion of artificially heated and properly ventilated drying rooms. The 
organisms and the discolorations with which they are associated are 
here listed. 
List of organisms causing discolorations found on prepared rubber 
Actinomyces elastica Sohngen and Fol. Developed on especially prepared 
rubber sheets after inoculation with garden soil. 
A. fuscus Sohngen and Fol. Developed as above. 
Aspergillus sp. Associated with transparent spots on unsmoked sheet or bis- 
cuit rubber. 
A. repens De By. Developed on crepe rubber at Para. 
Bacillus prodigiosus. Recorded by Brooks as causing red spots on biscuit, 
sheet, crepe, and scrap rubber. 
Ghromosporium crustaceum Sharp. Considered by Sharpies to cause black 
spots on sheet and crepe rubber. 
Diplodia theobromae (Pat.) Nowell. Said by Bancroft to produce dark-blue 
spots on crepe rubber, infection being caused by the use of green jungle 
poles in the drying houses. Sharpies was unable to verify the findings 
of Bancroft. 
Eurot'ntm candidum Speg. Considered by Sharpies to have some relation with 
circular white opaque spots on sheet rubber coagulated with acetic acid. 
Fusarmm sp. Said by Sharpies to cause a violet flush on sheet rubber. 
Monascus heterosporus Schroet. Obtained by Bancroft from red spots. He 
also reproduced the spots by inoculating freshly coagulated biscuit rubber 
with the spores. 
Mycogone sp. Obtained by Bancroft from a red-flush discoloration of sheet 
rubber. 
Oidium sp. Developed on smoked rubber sheets in the Orient and in the 
Amazon region. 
Penicillium maculans Sharp. Considered by Sharpies to cause a broad yellow 
diffused coloration of sheets or an orange spot in crepe rubber. 
P. petchii Sartory and Bainier. Developed on scrap rubber in the laboratory 
at Peradeniya. 
Physarella mirabilis Petch. Developed on rubber in the laboratory at Ceylon. 
Protococcus nivalis. Spotting reported by Bancroft. 
Rust. Applied to a thin brown film which forms on smoked sheet rubber as 
it dries, variously interpreted to be due to the exudation of serum or 
protein material or to the decomposition of this material by a micro- 
organism. 
Spondylocladium maculans Bancroft. Obtained by the author of the species 
from dark-green or almost black or yellowish red spots on crepe rubber. 
Sterigmatocystis sp. Developed on ball rubber ; Amazon region. 
Syncephalis sp. Red marking; Ceylon. 
Torula heveanensis. Rustiness of rubber, reported by Groennewege. 
Trichoderma kowmgi Oud. Isolated by Sharpies from dense blue-black spots 
having a violet margin on crepe rubber. 
FUNGI REPORTED ON HEVEA 
The following Avill be found to be a useful check list of the fungi 
reported on Hevea. Technical descriptions and mycological notes 
