18 
BULLETIN 1061, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
Large amounts of longieaf pine are used for pulp wood by the pulp 
and paper plants located in the range of the species (PL III) . Such 
plants are located at Roanoke Eapids. X. C. ; Bastrop, Bogalusa, 
Bmithwaite, and Monroe, La. ; Moss Point, Miss. ; and Orange, Tex. 
The sulphate process of manufacture is used, and a standard cord 
of air-dry longieaf pine, containing about 100 cubic feet of solid 
wood and weighing about 4,200 pounds when air-dry, will produce 
about 1,600 pounds of dry pulp. The weight of " green " wood as 
ordinarily handled is variable, depending upon the weather and the 
time elapsed since the felling of the tree. The southern-pine region 
offers a promising field for the future development of the paper 
business, particularly for the grade of "kraft," or heavy wrapping 
paper, for which the wood of the yellow pines is well adapted. Re- 
cent tests, however, made at the forest products laboratory have 
shown the possibility, if proper cooking and bleaching processes 
are employed, of using the southern pines for the production of 
high-grade book and magazine paper. This kind of jjaper requires 
a long-fibered wood, such as that of the pines, and a short-fibered 
wood, such as that of the red gum. Crossties from farm timber 
lands constitute a product of much commercial value. Slack time 
during the cool season may often be profitably employed in getting 
out ties. In the winter of 1920-21 the cutting of crossties practically 
eff'ected the financial salvation of many farmers in various portions 
of the South. Sap-pine ties, when treated, show good lasting quali- 
ties and are being used more and more as heart pine becomes scarcer 
and more valuable. As young timber grows, it requires more space 
for proper development, and the thinnings (see under ''Cutting") 
required in well-stocked stands, at intervals of 5 to 10 years, may 
often be made to yield good money in crossties or pulpwood. 
Table 0. — X umber of crossties by grades that can be cut from longieaf pine 
trees of different diameters and heights 1 
Diam- 
eter of 
Height of tree— Feet 
tree 
(breast- 
high) 
out- 
side 
bark 
40 
50 
eo 
70 
80 
90 100 
Inches 
10 
ii 
li V 
11 12 IS 
12 1314 
11 13 1*15 
3 2 1*15 
33 2 5 
li 
111-' 
inns 
li 2-' V 
111314 2 5 
11 12 14 3 5 
1113 45 
32 2 3 14 2 5 
22 53 25 
22 43 34 15 
1143 2M5 
2i 
21 2 2 
11 22 13 14 
11 I? 23 1*1* 
1113 2*25 
12 13 45 
11 2 2 13 14 35 
1122 33 35 
3243 14 25 
22 53 45 
53 24 45 
11 
]-' 
lil-' 
1113 
12 
2 1 12 13 14 
1112 2 3 14 15 
11 l 2 13 14 35 
1113 14 4 5 
1132P45 
1122 33 45 
12 63 14 35 
73 55 
73 14 6' 
13 
14 
2123 1435 
11 12 13 14 45 
1132 13 14 45 
52 33 14 35 
3 2 63 14 35 
22 73 14 40 
22 53 24 65 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
1 I 
1 The grade is indicated by the smaller numeral shown above and to the right of the numeral giving 
the number of crossties of the specified grade. For example: l 2 means one No. 2 crosstie. The scale is for 
straight and sound trees, no allowance being made for defect 
