16 BULLETIN 1061, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
successfully found in all the older timber-producing sections of the 
country. 
The wood of longleaf pine is classed as heavy, hard, and strong. 
It has been for many years the standard of the southern yellow 
pines, and by far the leading wood of all southern species in point 
of amount of production and total value. This applies, of course, 
mainly to old-growth timber. Second-growth longleaf timber has 
wider annual rings and contains a higher percentage of sapwood. 
The amounts of various products referred to in the following 
tables and discussion are based upon measurements of sample areas 
selected as being representative of the best or ideal condition in 
respect to the density or number of trees per acre. Such well- 
stocked stands have enough trees so that all the available space and 
soil moisture are fully utilized. Fully stocked stands do not occur 
Measurements of adjacent young longleaf stands, 
one burned and the other unburned for a period of 
five years, showed an average yearly growth under 
protection of 18.4 inches, but of only 5.8 inches when 
burned over every year. 
A tract of young' longleaf saplings, under obser- 
vation at Urania, La., after being burned over yearly 
for five } T ears, contained longleaf saplings mostly 
up to 1 foot and none over 2.8 feet in height, while 
in a similar tract protected against fires one-sixth 
of the trees were over 2 feet and others ranged up 
to 7 feet in height. The two tracts originally con- 
tained approximately the same number of longleaf 
seedlings and both plots had been continuously pro- 
tected against all kinds of grazing. 
continuously over large areas out are confined generally to tracts 
containing at most only a few acres, such as old fields or the paths of 
tropical hurricanes. The figures of amounts per acre are conse- 
quently much higher than those that would result from the cutting 
of ordinary stands. In the use of such ideal tables there is always 
great danger of overestimating the amount of timber that is pro- 
duced and may be cut from average stands as they are commonly 
found. 
CROSSTIES AND CORDWOOD PRODUCTION 
The approximate numbers of crossties and cords of wood (with 
the bark and without the bark) produced in well-stocked stands at 
different ages are shown in Table 1. These figures should be consid- 
ered as only approximate, since various factors enter in to determine 
the rate of growth and production of merchantable timber. Three 
qualities of situation are shown under the headings of good, average, 
and poor land. The yields are based upon the number and sizes of 
trees as counted and measured in stands and upon the computed 
