UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUI 
DEPARTMENT BULLETIN No. 1061 
An n r w ,ssued Ju| y 29 > 1922 
on » u ' u ▼ Revised August, 1925 
LONGLEAF PINE 
By Wilbur R. Mattoon, Extension Forester, Forest Service 
CONTENTS 
Page 
Range and importance 2 
Rate of growth 7 
Production of timber 15 
Production of turpentine and rosin. 26 
Page 
Cutting 30 
Reforestation 40 
Protection 54 
Timber and livestock 64 
Longleaf pine is a southern forest tree of great economic impor- 
tance. It is one of our best timber trees, and from it is derived the 
bulk of the turpentine and rosin produced in this country. With the 
rapid disappearance of old-growth timber, the increasing use of low- 
grade lumber, and the rising values of all forest products, second- 
growth pine is coming to be an asset of increasing importance. 
Large areas of cut-over lands are being handled in connection with 
the farming and grazing industries. On account of the natural wide 
spacing of longleaf pine trees, the grazing of livestock can be suc- 
cessfully carried on along with the growing of timber, without in- 
jury to either industry, as a double source of return from the land. 
Almost daily, new uses and new values are being found for forest 
products formerly considered valueless. Questions on how to get 
the most profit from second-growth pine are being frequently asked. 
To the owner of large timber holdings, as well as to the farmer, 
the importance and value of second-growth pine are coming to be 
matters of increasing consideration. 
The common belief that longleaf pine is slow growing applies only 
to old-growth or mature timber, and to that growing on unfavorable 
situations, such, for example, as the very dry sand hills and the flat- 
woods. It is likewise true of stands that are burned frequently, and 
of those that are overcrowded and in need of thinning. The seed 
germinates quickly — usually in two to four weeks after it matures 
in the fall. Contrary to the popular belief, when sufficient seed trees 
are left, young longleaf comes in extensively on cut-over lands, but 
the great bulk of it is killed by fires and hogs. 
Longleaf pine is, however, remarkably resistant to fire. Millions 
of young trees not over 25 years of age have undoubtedly passed 
33126°— 25 i 
