50 BULLETIN 1421, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
UTILIZATION OF LAND 
The average size of farm, the acres of tillable land, the crop and 
asture areas, and utilization of the crop area are presented in 
Table 31. The average size of the orchard farms for the four-year 
period was approximately 58 acres. A larger acreage was devoted to 
the orchard than to any other enterprise; wheat was second and 
alfalfa third. The change in the acreage devoted to the orchard 
from year to year was due to the dropping of some farms from the 
study and the addition of others. 
TaBLE 31.—Utilization of land on orchard farms, 1919-1922 
Item 1919 1920 1921 1922 
Farms studied, number-_-_______-_---- 9 10 14 10 
Acres Acres Acres Acres 
Sizerofifaninc se sae eee 62. 2 59. 6 54. 9 | 55. 6 
Tillable-lande=sS.a7stS es eee se 59. 4 55. 8 51.2 50.7 
ee Ee ee 
Crop acreacee nant eee ees 58. 4 54. 6 50.3 38. 4 
Cropland rented outs ss Se | SS a a a ee 10.1 
IPAS GUC uring ape ena een ee en een 1.0 1.2 .9 222 
Pasturemot tillablesssassass eee sen | 14 .3 el 
Othemland Sasa se eee eS | 7.45 3.4 3.4 4.2 
Crop acreage in: Acres |Percent, Acres |Perceni| Acres |Percent| Acres | Per cent 
AAV BNCSTS Ngee RE BY anlar eye te aloes 22 13. 4 25 9.4 19 7.3 19 
IA falfa Ant Petes Pee ee 7.4 12 7.3 13 Tl 22 8.0 21 
BY ore N a Gy ay eco ines hare aie Morente eae. Pic 1.6 3 | 1.6 3 .9 2 Dat 15 
Potatoes eee Le, tae eee eee 1.0 2 | .8 1 2.8 5 3.3 9 
Sugaribee tS iste eee ee es 3.0 oil SHO 6 2.0 4 .4 1 
WIG Viera nee ere eee ee te ee 1.0 2 2.0 4 ee 15 3.2 8 
Orchard’and ‘garden= 2225222 30. 4 52 DAL Uf 40 14.0 28 9.3 24 
Othericropses == eu een yale 12 2 4.3 8 PS 5 1.2 3 
DISTRIBUTION OF LIVESTOCK 
These orchard farms kept an average of 9.4 animal units per farm 
during the four years of the survey, of which 3.4 was the average of 
work animals and 3.6 of cattle. The cattle consisted of both cows and 
young animals. Just about enough cows, hogs, and poultry were 
kept to supply the needs ot the farm family with dairy products, eggs, 
and meat. During the first three years no sheep were found on the 
orchard farms. <A few of the farms each year had mares and colts. 
TaBLE 32.—Distribution of livestock on orchard farms, 1919-1922 
Item 1919 | 1920 1921 1922 
Number | Number | Number | Number 
Barmsistudied 32-5 ee sie Se ee pei eee ereeee aearee 9 10 14 10 
PNpayoon ile oautiey pe Gye Veena. es Se 9.0 8.8 10. 5 9.4 
Workistacl nossa Pe hor ea tec ett it hs ear aoe 2.7 3.0 | 4.3. oa 
Broductivie;Stockse ss 228 Bai. ie ye og 3 ae ME Se ere cei eee 6.3 5.8 | 6. 2 6.0 
G@athles n0t 2 er apne es et Pe eo eng 2.8 | DETe 4.4 sae OY | 
Sheep see hee SE eR RAs ES Ne EE a | ae .4 
LOR Sek ae ie Reha ic a i ees And ipee 2.3 21 6 sal 
Broodsemaresyandicoltss2 tt ae ae ee ee aD) 2 1 .3 
Poultry igs She sie Va eee 1 Ld ed a eo Der ie tee cee 1.0 8 alge! 8 
1 Tn order to compare the livestock kept on the different farms, it is necessary to have a standard of com- 
parison. ‘The standard here used is the ‘‘Animal unit.’’ It is represented by one mature horse, mule, 
cow, or steer. Also by as many smaller animals as require the feed of one of these mature animals. Usually 
g head of youne cattle, 2 colts, 5 hogs, 10 pigs, 7 sheep, 14 lambs, or 100 chickens are considered equivalent 
0 one animal unit. ; A petal sas < 
