THE DOG AS A CARRIER OF PARASITES AND DISEASE. 23 
infantum, which is the cause of infantile splenomegaly, a serious, 
commonly fatal disease of children in Italy and Tunis; Leishmania 
donovani, which is the cause of tropical splenomegaly, a serious dis- 
ease of adults in India, China, and the Sudan; Leishmania bra- 
ziliensis, which is the cause of a disease of man in South America; 
Spirochmta aboriginalis, which is the cause of granuloma inguinale 
in man in British Guinea and Australia ; and of some other protozoan 
forms of which the record or the identity of the form in the dog 
with those in man or stock is still uncertain. A useful object lesson 
may be drawn from the fact that the destruction of stray dogs in one 
small island in Italy has resulted in a remarkable reduction in the 
prevalence of infantile splenomegaly in that locality. This terrible 
disease is apparently spread from dogs to children by fleas. 
In addition to the above-mentioned protozoa there are a number 
of worm and arthropod parasites carried by the dog and attacking 
man or the domestic animals, which have not been discussed in the 
first part of this paper because of their absence from or comparative 
infrequency or unimportance in this country. A brief note of these 
forms is given here. 
Tapeworms. — As regards tapeworms, the dog shares with man the 
responsibility for carrying the broad fish tapeworm, Diphylloboth- 
rium latum (Dibothriocephalus latus), a tapeworm of considerable 
medical importance, which is known to be established in this country, 
and both carry an allied tapeworm, Diphyllobothrium cordatum. 
The dog is also an occasional host of the pork measle parasite (Cysti- 
cercus cellulosm), the larvae of one of the tapeworms of man. The 
dog becomes infested with this parasite by eating the feces of the 
human host of the tapeworm. It has also been shown to act as the 
host of an adult tapeworm having a Sparganum larva in the hog, and 
may be the host of other related tapeworms belonging to this group. 
Flukes. — The dog is reported as the carrier of the following flukes : 
Paragonimus kellicotti, which occurs in the lungs, causing para- 
sitic hemoptysis in hogs in this country; Clonorchis sinensis and 
Clonorchis endemicus, which occur in the liver of man and hogs in 
China and Japan; Heterophyes heterophyes, which occurs in the in- 
testine of man in Japan and Egypt; Dicrocwlium dendriticum 
(D. lanceatum), which occurs in the bile ducts of man and of horses, 
cattle, sheep, hogs, etc., and which is common in various foreign 
countries, though not as yet known from the United States ; Schisto- 
soma japonicum, which occurs in the blood of man in Japan, China, 
the Philippines, and South Africa ; Opisthorchis felineus, which oc- 
curs in the liver of man in Asia; and of Opisthorchis noverca and 
Pseudamphistomum truncatum, also parasites of man. 
Nematodes. — As regards nematodes, the dog is one host of Dracunc- 
ulus medinensis, the Guinea worm, which is not known in this 
