22 BULLETIN 260, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Dogs which are kept free of such vermin as ticks by frequent baths 
or other necessary measures and which are not allowed to wander 
at will are reasonably safe from the standpoint of spotted fever or 
other tick conveyance to man or stock. They are at least much safer 
than those which are neglected, allowed to accumulate internal and 
external parasites, and to carry and convey the same without 
hindrance. 
MISCELLANEOUS PARASITES. 
In the foregoing part of this paper only those injuries, parasites, 
and diseases traceable to the dog which are known to occur in the 
United States have been mentioned. It should be stated, however, 
that the dog is known to have quite a large number of other para- 
sites, some of them already present in this country, which have been 
found in man and stock in foreign countries, sometimes as rare and 
unusual occurrences and sometimes very common and even in the 
form of endemic, constantly present diseases. Inasmuch as almost 
all of the parasites heretofore mentioned originated in foreign coun- 
tries and were brought here, and since we have no guaranty and 
but little protection against others being brought here, it will be 
worth while to name some of the other parasites of which space for- 
bids a detailed discussion. Some of the parasites mentioned below 
have been found in the dog only as a result of experimental infesta- 
tion, which is, however, proof that they might occur in nature under 
suitable conditions of transmission. Some of these diseases, owing 
to the nature of the life history, possibly could not obtain a foothold 
in this country, but many of them certainly could. 
Protozoa. — The dog has been reported as a carrier of the following 
protozoa: Entamoeba dysenterice, the cause of amebic dysentery in 
man; Lamblia intestinalis, a flagellate protozoan which is rather 
common in man in the United States; Trypanosoma evansi, which is 
the cause of surra, a disease of horses, cattle, etc., which has not yet 
been introduced into this country, but which has been detected at the 
quarantine station and kept out of the country by the United States 
Bureau of Animal Industry on one occasion: Trypanosoma brucei, 
which is the cause of nagana, a disease of horses, cattle, etc., which 
occurs in Africa ; Trypanosoma equinum, which is the cause of mal de 
caderas, a disease of horses in South America; Trypanosoma dimor- 
phon, which causes a disease of horses, cattle, etc., in Africa ; Try- 
panosoma pecaudi, which is the cause of baleri, a disease of horses in 
Africa; Nuttalia tropica, which is the cause of a piroplasmosis of 
horses and cattle in India; Leishmania faruncidosa (L. tropica), 
which is the cause of Oriental sore, a disease of man which has re- 
cently been reported from this continent at Panama; 1 Leishmania 
1 Oriental sore in Panama. By S. T. Darling. Arch. Int. Med., Chicago, v. 7, May, 
1911, pp. 581-597. 
