A DISEASE OF PINES CAUSED BY CEONAKTIUM PYKIFOKME. 19 
Common salt may be applied dry, provided it is fine grained and is scattered very 
uniformly. Salt may be applied more uniformly, however, if it is made into a satu- 
rated solution (1 pound to 1£ quarts of water). The latter is usually the most satis- 
factory form. It should be used at the rate of from 3 to 5 tons per acre, depending 
upon the character and rankness of the vegetation. 
Of the petroleum products, fuel oil is about the most satisfactory, although this is 
sometimes difficult to obtain, and then only in barrel or tank-car lots. Near the oil 
fields, crude oil as it comes from the well can be obtained cheaply and. is quite satis- 
factory. The petroleum products should be applied at the rate of from 300 to 400 
gallons per acre. If small areas are to be treated, so that the matter of expense is of 
little consideration, kerosene may be used. The petroleum products seem to be the 
most effective of all when applied to narrow-leafed vegetation, such as grass; salt 
seems to be the next in effectiveness on such plats, and arsenic third. 
A spraying outfit is best for applying liquid material, excepting the salt brine, with 
which a sprinkling can or sprinkler will do faster work. The petroleum products are 
very hard on the rubber parts of spraying outfits, but it is necessary to use a sprayer 
in that connection on account of economy of application ; with very small areas where 
economy is not to be considered the oils can be applied through a sprinkling can. 
In the forest under our present conditions and market values it 
is not best to advise methods of elimination so expensive as have 
been given for the protection of nurseries. In badly infected areas 
of young forest trees, all diseased trees should be cut out whenever 
possible. This often can be done by the forest officer without very 
great expense, owing to the small size of the trees. In lumbering, 
trees diseased with catfaces or cankers should not be left for seed 
trees, as their vitality has been lowered and they will not produce 
as good a crop of seed as more healthy trees, and it is also highly 
probable that the viability of the seed produced by such trees is 
lower than that produced by more healthy trees. Again, trees with 
such cankers are often capable of producing seciospores around the 
border of the cankers and if allowed to remain for seed trees would 
become centers of infection for the younger generations of trees in 
the new forest. 
