22 
BULLETIN 1253, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
RELATION OF ROTS, SCALD, INTERNAL BREAKDOWN, AND WATER-CORE TO SIZE AND 
GRADE. 
The data given in Table 23 and shown graphically in Figure S 
were compiled from certificates on which the inspector had recorded 
the relation between disease and either size or grade. There is no 
way of knowing what would have been the result if a similar nota- 
tion had been made on every car inspected, and there is no intent to 
imply, in this discussion, that the conditions found in a few cars 
were necessarily the same as those prevailing in all. 
Table 23. — Box crop, 1919 and 1920, relation of blue-mold rot and decay, internal 
breakdown, scald, and water-core to size and grade, by mojiths. 
Blue-mold rot and decay. 
Internal breakdown. 
Month. 
Extra 
Fancy 
grade. 
gg Large sizes. 
Small sizes. 
Large sizes. 
Small sizes. 
Cars. 
Per 
cent. 
Cars. 
Per 
cent. 
Cars. 
Per 
cent. 
Cars. 
Per 
cent. 
Cars. 
Per 
cent. 
Cars. 
Per 
cent. 
October 
3 
3 
11 
7.3 
1.0 
6.0 
3.0 
15.1 
17.6 
2.6 
11.6 
4.3 
3 
3 
11 
2 
6 
13 
3 
3.0 
":'¥ 
3.5 
13.0 
12.0 
13.0 
1 
8 
17 
11 
17 
29 
17 
12 
2 
8.0 
18.2 
14.8 
6.3 
20.8 
13.7 
13.2 
18.6 
14.5 
1 
8 
17 
11 
17 
29 
17 
12 
2 
5.0 
6.1 
3.1 
2.5 
4.7 
4.4 
5.3 
6.0 
2.0 
3 
2 
7.6 
17.5 
3 
2 
5 
December 
January 2 
February 6 
March 13 
April 3 
May S 
June 6 
3 
1 
1 
2S.0 
17.0 
7.0 
3 
1 
1 
"io.'o 
8 14 3 
6 j 10. 1 
1 
8.0 

1 | 10.0 
55 
9.9 
55 9.9 ; 
14. 9 
114 
4.4 
11 I 
Scald. 
Water-core. 
Month. 
Extra 
Fancy 
grade. 
Fancy 
grade. 
i 
Large sizes. ! Small sizes. 
Large sizes. 
Small sizes. 
Cars. Per r 
cent. 
Cars. 
Per 
cent. 
Cars. 
£L°- 
Per 
cent. 
Cars. 
Per 
cent. 
, cent. 
October 
j 
2 
4 
28.5 
44.0 
2 
4 
5.0 
December .. 
1 
40.0 
1 
10.0 
1.0 
February 
3 
14 
5 
13 
6 
41.6 
14.9 
5.4 
11.4 
8.0 
3 
14 
5 
13 
6 
25.6 
32.0 
18.8 
19.7 
20.3 
2 
11 
5 
13 
3 
14.5 
29.4 
19.6 
23.4 
24.0 
2 
11 
5 
13 
3 
6.5 
6.0 
6.2 
3.0 
2.0 
1 
March 
April 

Mav 
June 
' 

41 
41 
24.3 
35 
25.0 
35 
4.6 1 
6 2.3 
In Table 23 the following facts stand out: (1) The percentages 
of blue-mold rot and "decay" are about the same in Doth Extra 
Fancy and Fancy — oo cars — but more than three times as great in 
large sizes (125's and larger) as in small (13S's and smaller) — 114 
cars; (2) the percentages of scald are about one and three-fourths 
times as great in Fancy as in Extra Fancy — 11 cars — and more than 
five times as great in large sizes as in small — 35 cars: (3) the per- 
centages of internal breakdown and water-core show no relation to 
grade, but are much greater for both in large sizes than in small. 
The ratio for internal breakdown is about 6 to 1. 11 cars; for water- 
core. 16 to 1. G cars. 
So far as this evidence goes, then, there is a pronounced suscepti- 
bility to disease in large-sized apples: in other words, large apples of 
a given variety do not keep as well as small ones of the same variety. 
Thi> was well exemplified in Chicago in March, 1921, when a survey 
of the apple market showed that large sizes of Winesap and Rome- 
Beauty were scarce, while small sizes were in good supply. Such 
