28 BULLETIN 1150, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Losses paid: 
BEET 55M UT a 2 Sen ae $1, 287. 90 
Ca GLe aoe ai a hey Das ne i Sn ee See 000. 00 
“ROCA TOSSES: yy eal Ce oe et Sie eaves! 1, 287. 90 
ATTOBHE eS LOCS is Sa sal ees ans Re 203. 50 
FTN AD LETT ES SA hi ge Ea eS poe ae $1, 491. 40 
Credit balance: ese os al ea a 696. 82 
Deduct amount transferred to loss and gain_______________ 196. 82 
Net increase carriedetonward. oo) 2 25 oo a a ee $500. 00 
TO Gal Ge Tae SOT Will Cee ee a ae pr aee ~~ 500. 00 
ANALYZING THE BUSINESS. 
If the information contained in the records and reports is to be 
utilized to the fullest extent in determining business policies, it must 
be analyzed and reduced to terms which will serve as measures of 
efficiency. The most successful association is the one which, first, 
receives the higMst price obtainable for each class and grade of 
live stock, and, second, pays the shipper the largest proportion of 
each dollar of gross sales, considering the services performed. 
The analysis presented in Table 1 is based on the actual results ob- 
tained by three Iowa shipping associations in shipping hogs in 1921. 
Tt will be noted that even these associations, selected at random from 
the same territory, show wide differences in expenses, shrinkage, and 
losses. The extent to which these differences are justified must be de- 
termined by the management of each association in the light of its 
local conditions and other factors. It is not the purpose here to at- 
tempt to explain these differences, but rather to emphasize the fact 
that only by keeping adequate records and analyzing the results will 
the leaks in the marketing of live stock be revealed and their causes 
eliminated. : 
TABLE 1—COomparison of the results obtained by three Iowa associations in 
shipping, 1921. 
Association | Association | Association 
A. B. C. 
Numbers of straight carloads shipped... - if EN eae tee era eon 120 140 
144 
Marketsicoy witichtshippedecre ss oc.ss.cesas ne eee aeeee ee aaae x X&Y X&Z 
Cents per 100 | Cents per 100 | Cents per 100 
lbs.1 lbs.1 lbs.1 
LRAT A TPS NANA ONE WWTP Ub. cy He AUR A ain ar ood dono a osu ; 41.5 34.0 38.5 
1 (6 [eect ae a a ca pa nae Ae ie Ne a ee a set 4.3 2.6 shal 
PNPAT GLO el ra let aN 7000. (5 LE AAU I aS pe ays ae STS Ra a 4.6 Ps | 3.8 
Selling*commission | 20/0) Hiuswsnys! Bee co eee hunk. Ace) 9.9 7.4 8.8 
IMSprance MMS MeECEOMes Hees Se Ney ee ee Nala en oes orate 0.1 0.1 0.1 
Total freight and terminal expenses...................-- 60. 4 46.8 54.3 
IMAI AS CTZSCOIMLTITSSI OMe ae fr cere ee eee 9.9 6.8 ba 
WocalveaTiexpEMSe ey yee mee ia ol anal ie eR ey Ht 1.9 2.3 
Insurance chance etwas os sae ee mca re meee eee eras te 5.0 6.0 5.0 
HeGSTaAtlON GUS Hey Lacie wes whee ho eseereu Nene hene aloo Rt ate 0.3 0.3 0.3 
Undivided balance and membership fees...............--- 0.1 0.2 0.0 
Total home expenses and deductions. ...........-.----- 18.1 15.2 havens bes: 
Total all expenses and deductions. ...............-.----- 78.5 * 62.0 67.6 
Less undivided balance, insurance fund balance, and mem- 
Dership fees ee ONUs eee whet oli es re ee ir en ene eo 3.0 2.9 0.3 
Netishippingiexpenses ia eae caene eee eee eee ree 75.5 59.1 67.3 
1 Based on market weight. 
