CEREAL EXPERIMENTS AT THE WILLISTON SUBSTATION. ie 
Investigations, selected pure races from the head-row tests, and any 
other samples desired for comparison with standard varieties. When 
promising varieties were discovered, they were increased and placed 
in the field-plat tests. Taganrog durum wheat (C. I. No. 1570) and 
a pure line of Manchuria barley (C. I. No. 882) are good examples. 
Figure 5 shows a portion of the cereal nursery at Williston in 1912. 
EXPERIMENTS WITH WHEAT. 
In the Williston district, spring wheat is grown almost exclusively. 
Winter wheat has been tried in northwestern North Dakota and 
adjoining portions of Montana, but with poor results. In most years 
the winterkilling has been very heavy, and sometimes all the plants 
have been killed. Occasionally the crop has been quite successful, 
with little or no winterkilling, giving better results than spring wheat 
for those particular years. The tests at the Williston substation thus 
far have shown that winter wheat has not been a dependable crop. 
SPRING WHEAT. 
The spring wheats of the North-Central States belong to one or the 
other of two subspecies of wheat, durum and common. The common 
subspecies include the three groups, fife, bluestem, and preston, as 
well as a few miscellaneous varieties. 
The spring-wheat varieties have been grown each year on newly 
broken land, on corn ground, or on fallow. When there were indi- 
cations of the presence of smut the seed has been treated before sow- 
ing. Until 1911 the rate of seeding had been 5 pecks of common 
wheat and 6 pecks of durum wheat per acre. Since that time they 
have been seeded at the rate of 4 pecks for common and 5 pecks for 
durum wheat. In the rate-of-seeding tests this latter rate has been 
found to give as good results as heavier seeding. 
The annual yields produced by all the varieties of spring wheat 
grown at Williston during the seven years (1908 to 1914) are given 
in Table VI. The varieties are arranged in five groups, according to 
their relationships. The groups appear in the table in the order of 
their importance in this locality. Of the 35 varieties grown during 
the seven years, only 20 were grown in 1914. Seven varieties have 
been grown for all of the seven years. Table VI also shows the 
average yield of each variety for the years during which it has been 
grown. 
The average annual yields of the different groups are shown in 
Table VI for each of the years from 1908 to 1914." The durum group 
made the highest yield in five out of the seven years. In 1910 the 
durum group yielded lower than any other, and in 1911 it yielded 
lower than any other except the bluestem and the miscellaneous 
groups. 
