CEREAL EXPERIMENTS AT THE WILLISTON SUBSTATION. 9 
was broken in June of the previous year. After breaking to a depth 
of 6 inches, the ground was disked and harrowed and kept free from 
weeds during the remainder of the season. 
In 1911 the varieties were grown on ground that produced a corn 
crop the previous year. In 1912 the plats were on breaking, as in 
1909 and in 1910. In 1913 and 1914 they were on summer-fallowed 
ground. 
_ In the spring of each year the ground was worked sufficiently to 
put it in good condition for seeding. It was disked when necessary 
and was harrowed two or more times. In the case of fallow, harrow- 
ing or disking was done frequently enough to keep down all weed 
growth throughout the season. The plats were given no further cul- 
Fic. 4.—View at the Williston substation in 1914, showing the long, narrow plats of cereal varieties in 
: the background. 
tivation after seeding, but the alleys between were kept free from 
weeds. 
TREATMENT OF CROPS. 
The seeding has been done with a double-disk 8-foot drill with a 
6-inch spacing between the disks. The wheat and oats were seeded 
usually during the last part of April, and the barley and flax somewhat 
later. With the exception of flax, which should not be sown very 
deep, the small grains were seeded from 2 to 3 inches in depth. The 
seeding in each case was at the rate which was considered best for 
the locality. 
After the crops headed they were freed from mixtures by roguing. 
The cutting was done with a binder and the bundles placed in shocks, 
where they remained until thrashed. Thrashing has been done with 
a small separator with a 12-inch cylinder. Great care was used to 
avoid the mixing of varieties in harvesting and thrashing. 
95887°—Bull. 270—15——2 
