BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE GREEN CLOVER WORM 15 
shows the periods of occurrence of the adult and immature stages, as 
found from April to October, inclusive. Adults in abundance were 
noted about the first of April and remained fairly numerous until 
the middle of that month. By April 27 voung larvae of the first 
generation appeared, and larvae were found abundantly distributed 
over the fields throughout the month of May. In the interval the 
moths nearly disappeared, and only a few battered individuals could 
be found until about the middle of June, when freshly emerged moths 
began to appear in great numbers. During the middle and last of 
June young larvae of the second generation became plentiful in the 
field and remained very numerous until the second week in July, by 
which time they had reached full growth and w T ere pupating. By 
July 18 newly emerged moths from this second generation began 
to appear, and by July 24 they were found in great numbers in the 
field. The third generation of larvae, resulting from eggs laid by 
these moths, were present in the field in abundance by the second 
week in August, and adults, although present in the field, were 
greatly diminished in numbers. During this time the weather was 
warm and the caterpillars were maturing rapidly. By August 22 
practically all of these had pupated and newlv emerged moths were 
becoming numerous. Young larvae of the fourth generaton were 
found about the 1st of September, but by the 12th only a few battered 
moths were present. Larvae continued abundant throughout the 
remainder of the month. In October a few freshly emerged adults 
were collected. 
According to certain authors (4, 10), the number of generations is 
fewer farther north, decreasing to three and even two per annum. 
HIBERNATION 
Observations indicate that hibernation takes place in both the 
pupa and adult stages. Although repeated attempts to carry the 
moths through the winter in cages failed, yet in the field at Nashville, 
Tenn., they were found numerous during October and part of Novem- 
ber, and again during the first warm days of February. Philip 
Luginbill observed five moths flying in a woodshed at Columbia, 
S. C, on January 5. Chittenden (2) observed that " About the city 
of Washington this moth is one of our latest as well as earliest species, 
individuals occurring commonly in the writer's experience about the 
Department of Agriculture buildings throughout November, as 
late as the first week in December, and as early as March 10." Riley 
(9) reported a large number of these moths transmitted to Washing- 
ton during the winter by correspondents who confused it with moths 
of the cotton leaf worm (Aletia) Alabama argillacea Hbn. 
As stated in the discussion of the pupal stage, pupae formed late in 
the fall at Knoxville, Tenn., failed to produce adults until brought 
into the heated laboratory. If left in the field, they might have passed 
the winter in this stage. One pupa in an outdoor cage remained alive 
as late as December 22. In this connection it might be mentioned 
that Riley (9) stated that pupae were found in Missouri throughout 
the winter. 
