REINDEER IN ALASKA. 59 
The form of treatment which was used is based on that recom- 
mended by the United States Bureau of Animal Industry and is as 
follows: The dog should be fasted for 12 hours. It is then given 3 
cubic centimeters, or three-fourths teaspoonful of oleoresin male fern 
in 2 ounces of warm milk. This dose was found satisfactory for sled 
dogs of ordinary size. The dog's head must be firmly held and the 
medicine poured slowly into the pouch at the side of the mouth. The 
medicine will run between the closed teeth, and the dog's jaws need 
not be separated. As soon as the medicine has been swallowed the 
dog's head should be tied for a period of three-quarters of an hour 
so that it can not lower it to vomit, after which a dose of nut areca 
is administered. This dose consists of 3 grams, or about a level 
teaspoonful, of freshly ground nut areca diluted with 2 ounces of 
milk. The dog's head is again kept tied for about half an hour. The 
dog should be kept chained until it has passed the worms, which must 
be collected and burned. These directions have been followed by a 
number of dog owners in Alaska and the reports received have been 
favorable throughout. 
Reindeer tapeworms. — Two species of tapeworm have been found 
in reindeer. One, a species of Moniezia, has been collected in six 
different herds. The other worm is evidently rarer and has only 
been found once. The tapeworms often attain a length of 10 feet or 
over and as many as nine have been taken from a single fawn. When 
the worms are numerous the fawns must necessarily be adversely 
affected. Unfortunately, no satisfactory method of prevention has 
been developed so far, since the life history of the worm is unknown. 
However, it has been noticed that the worms are more numerous in 
closely herded animals, which is an indication that the old grazing 
grounds are the most heavily infested. These tapeworms seem to 
attack young animals almost exclusively, and in only one instance 
were they encountered in an adult. 
LUNG WORMS (DICTYOCAULUS Sp.). 
Lung worms, as their name implies, are to be found in the lungs. 
In bad cases the air tubes may be filled with tangled skeins of worms. 
Paroxysms of coughing occur and the deer often project masses of 
mucus several feet in front of them. Usually, however, the coughed- 
up mucus is swallowed, and the worm eggs which are contained in it 
are passed through the alimentary canal with the droppings. Bron- 
cho-pneumonia is associated with lung worms. The adult worms 
were found in the 2-year-old reindeer and also in some cases in old 
animals, where they were collected in great numbers. The eggs of 
lung worms hatch as a rule in the lungs, or if they are coughed up, 
they hatch outside the body on the ground and are thus passed on to 
other animals, which pick them up while grazing, 
